
Glass, 



E." 1 6 

fLc s 8-4- 



b 



■^ 



REPORT ON 



PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, 
SULLYS HILL PARK, CASA GRANDE RUIN, 
MUIR WOODS, PETRIFIED FOREST, AND 
OTHER NATIONAL MONUMENTS, INCLUD- 
ING LIST OF BIRD RESERVES 



1911 



COMPILED IN THE OFFICE OF 



THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR 




WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OPPIOE : 1912 



^ C^^x^ 



REPORT ON 



PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, 
SULLYS HILL PARK, CASA GRANDE RUIN, 
MUIR WOODS, PETRIFIED FOREST, AND 
OTHER NATIONAL MONUMENTS, INCLUD- 
ING LIST OF BIRD RESERVES 



1911 



COMPILED IN THE OFFICE OF 



U.S. jQ^yv- 
THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR 




WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1912 



^v 



"<:. 

\5^ 



OONTEETS. 



Page. 

Piatt National Park H 

Regulations of June 10, 1908 4 

Wind Cave National Park 5 

General Regulations of June 10, 1908 (3 

Regulations of June 10, 1908, governing the impounding and disposi- 
tion of loose live stock 8 

SuUys Hill Park 9 

Casa Grande Ruin 10 

National monuments and preservation of American antiquities 11 

General statement 11 

Muir Woods National Monument 14 

Petrified Forest of Arizona ^ 17 

Navajo National Monument 20 

Navajo National Monument , 19 

Cliaco Canyon National Monument 20 

Rainbow Bridge National Monument 21 

El Morro National Monument 22 

Lewis and Clark Cavern National Monument 23 

Tumacacori National Monument 25 

Montezuma Castle National Monument 26 

Natural Bridges National Monument 26 

Gran Quivira National Monument 27 

Mukuntuweap National Monument 28 

Shoshone Cavern National Monument 30 

Sitka National Monument 31 

Devils Tower National Monument 32 

Pinnacles National Monument 32 

Colorado National Monument 33 

Cinder Cone National Monument 33 

Lassen Peak National Monument 34 

Gila Cliff-Dwellings National Monument 35 

Tonto National Monument 36 

Grand Canyon National Monument 36 

Jewel Cave National Monument 37 

Wheeler National Monument . 39 

Mount Olympus National Monument 41 

Oregon Caves National Monument ; 41 

Devils Postpile National Monument 44 

Bird Reserves 45 

III 



TLl.USTEATIOI^S. 



Page. 

Map of Piatt National Park, Oklahoma 4 

Map of Wind Cave National Park, South Dakota fi 

Fig. 1. Sullys Hill Park, North Dakota '.) 

2. Casa Grande Ruin Reservation, Arizona 10 

3. Muir Woods National Monument, California 15 

4. Petrified Forest National Monument, Arizona 17 

5. Navajo National Monument, Arizona 18 

6. Navajo National Monument, Arizona (as amended by proclama- 

tion Mar. 14, 1912) 1!) 

7. Chaco Canyon National Monument, New Mexico 20 

8. Rainbow Bridge National Monument, Utah 21 

9. El Morro National Monument, New Mexico 22 

10. Lewis and Clark Cavern National Monument, Montana 24 

11. Tumacaeori National Monument, Arizona 25 

12. Montezuma Castle National Monument, Arizona 26 

13. Natural Bridges National Monument, Utah 27 

14. Grand Quivira National Monument, New Mexico 28 

15. Mukuntuweap National Monument, Utah 29 

16. Shoshone Cavern National Monument, Wyoming 30 

17. Sitka National Monument, Alaska 31 

18. Devils Tower National Monument, Wyoming 32 

19. Pinnacles National Monument, California 33 

20. Colorado National Monument, Colorado 34 

21. Cinder Cone National Monument, California 35 

22. Lassen Peak National Monument, California 35 

23. Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monuments, New Mexico 36 

24. Tonto National Monument, Arizona 37 

25. Grand Canyon National Monument, Arizona 38 

26. Jewel Cave National Monument, South Dakota 39 

27. Wheeler National Monument, Colorado 40 

28. Mount Olympus National Monument, Washington 42 

29. Oregon Caves National Monument, Oregon 43 

30. Devils Postpile National Monument, California 44 

IV 



REPORT ON PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, 
SULLYS HILL PARK, CASA GRANDE RUIN, MUIR WOODS, 
PETRIFIED FOREST, AND OTHER NATIONAL MONUMENTS, 
TOGETHER WITH LIST OF BIRD RESERVES. 



PLATT NATIONAL PARK. 

By the acts of Congress of July 1, 1902 (32 Stat, 641), and April 
21, 1904 (33 Stat., 220), 629.33 and 218.89 acres, respectively, at the 
town of Sulphur, Okla. (then Ind. T.), were segregated as the 
"Sulphur Springs Reservation," which designation, by joint resolu- 
tion approved June 29, 1906, was changed to " Piatt National Park." 

The park, with a total area of 848.22 acres, extends in irregular 
form a distance of approximately 3 miles from northeast to south- 
west along Travertine Creek, including a portion of Rock Creek, 
which empties into the former, and it has a circuit of 9 miles. 

Within the park are 33 known mineral and 2 nonmineral springs. 
The principal groups are the Bromide and Bromide-Sulphur Springs 
in the southwestern part of the park, Beach and Pavilion Springs 
in the northwestern corner, and the Wilson group in the southern 
part. Sulphur springs predominate, but there are also bromide, 
soda, and iron varieties. The Antelope and Buffalo Springs, non- 
mineral in character, are situated at the extreme northeastern end 
of the park with an elevation of 1,083 feet above sea level and an 
approximate discharge of 5,000,000 gallons daily into Travertine 
Creek. A spring has recently been discovered known as Medicine 
Spring. The work of completing the development and installing 
water from this spring in the pavilion at Bromide Springs has been 
completed and the park has been generally improved. 

Permits for the transportation of passengers in and through the 
park were issued for seven automobiles — five for two-seated hacks 
and two for three-seated hacks — also several permits for other 
privileges. A license fee was exacted in each instance and the total 
revenues derived from permits was $475.75. 

There were 768 campers in the camping grounds who remained 
more than three days, and the park records show that 124,078 per- 
f'ons visited Bromide Springs during that period. Many of these 
visitors are residents of the city of Sulphur and they were counted 
each time they visited the springs. From the best obtainable infor- 
mation the actual number of visitors to the park, inclusive of the 
residents of Sulphur, was about 30,000. 

There were driven through the park 4,594 head of cattle. Most of 
them were driven through in changing from one pasture to another 
or in order to get them to water or to where water was accessible. 
Quite a number of cattle, however, were driven through the park 
for shipment to market or for sale to local butchers. 

The appropriation for the care and maintenance of the park for 
the last year, including all personal service, was but $5,000, which 



4 PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS, ETC. 

was barely sufficient to pay the salaries of the superintendent and 
other park employees. The appropriation for the next fiscal year 
tor the maintenance of the park, including bridges, roads, trails, 
and sewerage, is $10,000. Six thousand dollars of this will be re- 
quired to pay the salaries of emploj^ees and $4,000 is not a sufficient 
amount to construct the sewer. However, an estimate has been made 
to Congress for an appropriation of $53,445 for this park for the 
fiscal year ending June 30, 1913, which, if appropriated, will enable 
the department to construct a proper sewer through the park. 

REGULATIONS OF JUNE 10, 1908. 

Pursuant to the authority conferred by the acts of Congress ap- 
proved July 1, 1902 (32 Stat., 656). April 21. 1904 (33 Stat.. 220), 
and the Oklahoma statehood act of June 16, 1906 (34 Stat., 272), the 
following rules and regulations for the government of the Piatt 
National Park (formerly Sulphur Springs Reservation), in Okla- 
homa, are hereby established and made public : 

1. It is forbidden to injure in any manner any of the springs, min- 
eral deposits, or natural features within the park. 

2. It is forbidden to cut or injure any timber or plants growing 
on the park lands, or to deface or injure any Government property. 

3. No camping shall be permitted Avithin 1,000 feet of any spring, 
nor upon any land except such as may be specifically designated for 
that purpose by the superintendent. Fires shall not be lighted except 
by the express permission of the superintendent; when so allowed, 
campers shall use only dead or fallen timber for fuel, and the utmost 
care must be exercised at all times to avoid setting fire to the timber 
and grass. 

4. It is forbidden for any person to deposit garbage or refuse upon 
the park lands, except at places designated for that purpose by the 
superintendent, or to contaminate any of the springs or streams 
therein, or to divert or conduct the waters of such springs or streams 
from the natural or regular course. 

5. No person shall remove from any of the bromide, iron, or soda 
springs more than 1 gallon of water in any one day, nor remove 
from any of the other springs more than 5 gallons in any one day, 
nor shall any water be taken therefrom for commercial purposes, 
except in pursuance of a license issued by the Secretary of the In- 
terior. Whenever in his judgment the circumstances warrant, the 
superintendent may prohibit the use of the waters of any of the 
springs in the park other than for immediate drinking purposes at 
such springs, the facts in such case to be reported to the Secretary of 
the Interior. 

6. Hunting or killing, wounding or capturing any bird or Avild 
animal on the park lands, except dangerous animals when necessary 
to prevent them from destroying life or inflicting an injury, is pro- 
hibited. The outfits, including guns, traps, teams, horses, or means 
of transportation used by persons engaged in hunting, killing, trap- 
ping, ensnaring, or capturing such birds or wild animals, or in pos- 
session of, game killed on the park lands under other circumstances 
than prescribed above, will be taken up by the superintendent and 
held subject to the order of the Secretary of the Interior, except in 
cases where it is shown by satisfactory evidence that the outfit is not 



PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS, ETO. 5 

the property of the person or persons violating this regulation and 
the actual owner thereof was not a party to such violation. Fire- 
arms will only be permitted in the park on Avritten permission from 
the superintendent thereof. 

7. Fishing with nets, seines, traps, or by the use of drugs or explo- 
sives, or in any other way than with hook and line, is prohibited. 
Fishing for purposes of merchandise or profit is forbidden. Fishing 
may be prohibited by order of the superintendent in any of the 
waters of the park, or limited therein to any specified season of the 
year, until otherwise ordered by the Secretary of the Interior. 

8. No person will be permitted to reside permanently, engage in 
any business, or erect buildings or other improvements in the park, 
without permission, in writing, from the Secretary of the Interior. 

9. The herding, grazing, or otherwise trespassing of cattle or loose 
stock of any kind within the park is strictly forbidden. Stock or cat- 
tle may be driven across the park, but must be confined to the roads 
and kept in motion under competent care while in the reservation. 

10. No vehicles will be permitted to travel through the park except 
upon the roads designated for such traffic by the superintendent, and 
driving or riding over roads or bridges at a high rate of speed is pro- 
hibited. 

11. Private notices or advertisements shall not be posted or dis- 
played within the park, except such as ma}^ be necessary for the con- 
venience and guidance of the public. 

12. The sale of intoxicating liquors in the park is strictly forbidden. 

13. No gambling or game of chance shall be permitted within the 
limits of the park; nor shall any person use profane or obscene lan- 
guage, commit or maintain a nuisance, or be guilty of disorderly con- 
duct or any act involving immorality therein. 

14. Persons who render themselves obnoxious by disorderly conduct 
or bad behavior, or who violate am^ of the foregoing rules, will be 
summarily removed from the park and will not be allowed to return 
without permission, in writing, from the Secretary of the Interior 
or the superintendent of the park. 

No lessee or licensee shajl retain in his employ any person whose 
presence in the park shall be deemed and declared by the superintend- 
ent to be subversive of the good order and management of the reser- 
vation. 

15. Any person who violates any of the foregoing regulations will ' 
be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and be subjected to a fine, as pro- 
vided by the act of April 21, 190-1, of not less than $5 nor more than 
$100 and may be imprisoned for a term of not more than six months 
for each offense. 

WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARK. 

The act of Congress approved January 9, 1903 (32 Stat., 765), 
reserved a tract of land containing 10,522 acres in the'State of South 
Dakota, 12 miles east of the town of Hot Springs and about the same 
distance southeast of Custer, as a public park, to be known as the 
Wind Cave National Park. 

With the consent of the Attorney General, Mr. Seth Bullock, mar- 
shal for the district of South Dakota, has been continued in general 
charge of the reservation in an advisory capacity, and the superin- 



6 PIATT AND WIXD CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, ETC. 

tendent confers with him in regard to the administration thereof. 
The course pursued has aided in the effective management of the park 
.during the park season. The present superintendent, A. C. Boland, 
was appointed May 1. 1911, succeeding E. J. Pilcher, who resigned 
on that date. 

At the time of the creation of the park there were 10 entries cover- 
ing lands within the park, aggregating 1.519.15 acres. Since that 
date the Government has secured title to all of the lands within the 
park except the NE. i NW. i and NW. i NE. i, sec. 35, T. 5 S., 
E.. 5 E., Black Hills meridian. Jonathan C. West patented Decem- 
ber 31, 1904, 80 acres, which is now owned by W. A. Rankin, formerly 
a superintendent of the park. For administrative reasons it is desir- 
able that this private holding be eliminated from the park and it is 
recommended that adequate appropriation be made by Congress for 
the purpose. 

On May 8, 1911. a revocable permit was granted Mrs. P. T. Paulsen 
to furnish meals to tourists at 50 cents each. No complaints have 
been made of the service rendered under this permit. 

The number of tourists through the park during the year was 3,887, 
the majority of whom entered the reservation in automobiles. 

During the season 12 permits were granted for the transportation 
of passengers in and through the park at the rate of $50 per vehicle. 
Eleven of the permits were for the transportation of passengers by 
automobiles and one for the use of wagons. 

No applications were received for the driving of cattle or other 
stock through the park, and no change was made during the year in 
the regulations promulgated June 10, 1908, for the government of 
the park. 

A barn was constructed for the use of the superintendent, and con- 
siderable improvement work vras done around the residence of the 
superintendent. 

The roads and bridges require more or less attention continuously, 
but are reported to be in good condition. 

In the cave considerable repair work was done to bridges, stairs, 
and paths and several new stairways constructed. Considerable ex- 
ploration work was completed in the cave with a view toward ascer- 
taining the practicability of opening more of it to the public. As 
nothing extraordinary in character was discovered, the opening of 
further sections will he deferred until, considering other park needs, 
more money is available for the purpose. The question or providing 
electric lights in the cave is under consideration. 

GENERAL REGULATIONS OF JUNE 10, 1908. 

Pursuant to authority conferred b}^ the act of Congress approved 
January 9, 1903. the following rules and regulations for the govern- 
ment of the Wind Cave National Park, in South Dakota, are hereby 
established and made public: 

1. It is forbidden to remove or injure the specimens or formations 
in and around the Wind Cave, or to deface the same by written in- 
scription or otherwise, or to injure or disturb in any manner or carry 
off any of the mineral deposits, specimens, natural curiosities, or 
wonders on the Government lands within the park. 




o 

03 
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CD 



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1^1^. 



i 
1-- 







WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARR 

Embracing Sections 34, 35 and 36, T. 5 5., R.5; 
Sections l,2,3,Ekof4, E2of9,and Sees 10,11,12.13, 14, l5,Ei 
of 15,15 5., R.5, Section 31, T. 5 S., R.6; Sections 6 
and 7 T,6 5., R.6, 
All East of BLACK HILLS MERIDIAN 

SOUTH DAKOTA 

Containing 10.522. I/acres. 




70108—13. (To faco page S.) 



PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, ETC. 7 

2. No person shall be permitted to enter the cave unless accom- 
panied by the superintendent or other park employee or by compe- 
tent guides. 

3. It is forbidden to cut or injure any timber growing on the park 
lands, or to deface or injure any Government property. Camping 
parties will be alloAved to use dead or fallen timber for fuel, 

4. Fires should be lighted only when necessary and completely ex- 
tinguished when not longer required. The utmost care must be 
exercised at all times to avoid setting fire to the timber and grass. 

5. Hunting or killing, wounding or capturing any bird or wild 
animal on the park lands, except dangerous animals w"hen necessary 
to prevent them from destrojdng life or inflicting an injury, is pro- 
hibited. The outfits, including guns, traps, teams, horses, or means 
of transportation used by persons engaged in hunting, killing, trap- 
ping, ensnaring, or capturing such birds or wild animals, or in pos- 
session of game killed on the park lands under other circumstancea 
than prescribed above, will be taken up by the superintendent and 
held subject to the order of the Secretary of the Interior, except in 
cases where it is shown by satisfactory evidence that the outfit is not 
the property of the person or persons violating this regulation and 
the actual owner thereof was not a party to such violation. Fire- 
arms will only be permitted in the park on written permission from 
the superintendent thereof. 

6. Fishing in any other way than with hook and line is forbidden. 
Fishing may be prohibited by order of the superintendent in any of 
the waters of the park, or limited therein to any specified season of 
the year, until otherwise ordered by the Secretary of the Interior. 

7. No person will be permitted to reside permanently, engage in 
any business, or erect buildings, etc., upon the Government lands in 
the park without permission in writing from Secretary of the 
Interior. The superintendent may grant authority to competent 
persons to act as guides and revoke the same in his discretion. No 
pack trains Avill be allowed in the park unless in charge of a duly 
registered guide. 

8. Owners of patented lands wdthin the park limits are entitled to 
the full use and enjoyment thereof: such lands, however, shall have 
the metes and Ipounds thereof so marked and defined that they may be 
readily distinguished from the park lands. Stock may be taken over 
the park lands to patented lands with the written permission and 
under the supervision of the superintendent. 

9. The herding or grazing of loose stock or cattle of any kind on 
the Government lands in the park, as well as the driving of such 
stock or cattle over the same, is strictly forbidden, except in such 
cases where authority therefor is granted by the superintendent. 

10. No drinking saloon or barroom will be pemiitted upon Govern- 
ment lands in the park. 

11. Private notices or advertisements shall not be posted or dis- 
played on the Government lands within the reservation, except such 
as may be necessary for the convenience and guidance of the public, 

12. Persons who render themselves obnoxious by disorderly con- 
duct or bad behavior, or who violate any of the foregoing rules, 
will be summarily removed from the park and w'ill not be allowed 
to return without permission in writing from the Secretary of the 
Interior or the superintendent of the park. 

43009—12 2 



8 PLATT AXD WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, ETC. 

No lessee or licensee shall retain in his employ any person whose 
pi-osence in the park shall be deemed and declared by the superin- 
tendent to be subversive of the good order and management of the 
reservation. 

13. Any person who violates any of the foregoing regulations will 
be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction, be fined 
not niore than $1,000, or be imprisoned not more than 12 months, 
or both, in the discretion of the court, as provided by the act creating 
the park. 

14. The superintendent designated by the Secretary is hereby au- 
thorized and directed to remove all trespassers from the Government 
lands in the park and enforce these rules and regulations and all the 
provisions of the act of Congress aforesaid. 

BEGULATIONS OF JUNE 10, 1908, GOVERNING THE IMPOUNDING 
AND DISPOSITION OF LOOSE LIVE STOCK. 

Horses, cattle, or other domestic live stock running at large or being 
herded or grazed on Government lands in the Wind Cave National 
Park without authority therefor, will be taken up and impounded 
by the superintendent, who will at once give notice thereof to the 
owner, if known. If the owner is not known, notice of such impound- 
ing, giving a description of the animal or animals, with the brands 
thereon, will be posted in six public places inside the park and in 
two public places outside the park. Any owner of an animal thus 
impounded may, at any time before the sale thereof, reclaim the same 
wpon proving ownership and paying the cost of notice and all ex- 
penses incident to the taking up and detention of such animal, includ- 
ing the cost of feeding and caring for the same. If any animal thus 
impounded shall not be reclaimed Avithin 30 days from notice to 
the owner or from the date of posting notices, it shall be sold at public 
auction at such time and place as may be fixed by the superintendent 
after 10 days' notice, to be given by posting notices in six public 
places in the park and two public places outside the park, and by 
mailing to the owner, if known, a copy thereof. 

All money received from the sale of such animals and remaining 
after the payment of all expenses incident to the taking up, impound- 
ing, and selling thereof, shall be carefully retained by the superin- 
tendent in a separate fund for a period of six months, during which 
time the net proceeds from the sale of any animal may be claimed by 
and paid to the owner upon the presentation of satisfactory proof of 
ownership, and if not so claimed within six months from the date of 
sale such proceeds shall be turned into the Wind Cave National Park 
fund. 

The superintendent shall keep a record in which shall be set down 
a description of all animals impounded, giving the brands found on 
them, the date and locality of the taking up, the date of all notices 
and manner in which they were given, the date of sale, the name and 
address of the purchaser, the amount for which each animal was sold, 
and the cost incurred in connection therewith, and the disposition of 
the proceeds. 

The superintendent will, in each instance, make every reasonable 
effort to ascertain the owner of animals impounded and to give actual 
notice thereof to such owner. 



PLATT AND WIN"D CAVE K'ATI0:N^.1L PAEKS, ETC. 9 

SULLYS HILL PARK. 

This reservation, set aside by Executive proclamation dated June 
2, 1904, under the act approved April 27, 1904 (33 Stat., 319), con- 
tains about TSO acres. It is located on the south shore of Devils 
Lake, N. Dak., having about 2 miles of shore line, with its western 
boundary 1 mile east of the Fort Totten Indian School. Inasmuch 



PLAT 

Showin?' 

Within Devils Lake Indian Reservation 
NORTH DAKOTA. 

Reserved for Park purposes by Presidents Proclamation dated 
June 27. 1904 
Under the Act of April 27,1904 
ScaIe-20 Chains- I inch 




Township No. 15^ North, Ran§e No. 65 West. 
Fig. 1. — -Map of Sullys Hill Park. 



as no appropriation has been made for the care and protection of this 
reservation, Mr. Charles M. Ziebach, in charge of the Indian indus- 
trial school (Fort Totten), has been continued as acting superin- 
tendent, and required to exercise the necessarv supervision and con- 
trol over the same until appropriation is made therefor by Congress. 



10 



PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS, ETC. 



The tract is well wooded and has an ample supply of water and 
many rugged hills, among Avhich. on the western boundary, lies what 
is knoAvn as Siillys Hill. In the southwestern part is a small body 
of Avater known as Sweet Water Lake, west of which the surface is 
generally level and the soil good. 

No buildings or improvements of any kind have been made in the 
reservation, and Congress has made no appropriation for the care 
thereof. If this park is to be continued under the supervision of 
the Secretary of the Interior, it is desirable that funds be provided 
for the protection and improvement thereof, and an estimate in the 
sum of $2,500 has accordingly been submitted to Congress for such 
purpose. 




Reservaf/on boundary 



i 



'^/M///M/M^/yM/////////////;7^ 

I 



CASA Q 



£ I 



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^6 



I 



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P 
I 



Fig. 2. — Casa Grande Ruin Reservation, Ariz., embracing tlie NW. J. the NE. 1, ttie N. J 
of the SW. \, and the N. I of the SE. \ of sec. 16, T. 5 S., R. 8 E., Gila and Salt River 
meridian ; created March 2, 1889. 

CASA GBANDE RUIN. 

This reservation is located near Florence, Ariz., about 18 miles 
northeast of Casa Grande station, on the Southern Pacific Railroad, 
and contains about 480 acres. It was set aside by Executive order 
dated June 22, 1902, under the act approved Marcli 2, 1889 (25 Stat., 



PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, ETC. 11 

961). By presidential proclamation of December 10, 1909, the 
boundaries of the reservation were changed by the elimination of 120 
acres on which there were no prehistoric ruins and the inclusion of 
a tract of 120 acres adjoining the reservation on the east, on which 
are located important mounds of historic and scientific interest. 

Casa Grande is an Indian ruin of undetermined antiquity, which 
was discovered in 1694 by Padre Ivino, a Jesuit missionary. This 
great house is said to be the most important ruin of its type in the 
Southwest, and as such it has strong claims for archaeological study, 
repair, and permanent preservation. It is built of puddled clay 
molded into walls and dried in the sun, and is of perishable char- 
acter. The main building was originally five or six stories high and 
covered a space 59 feet by 43 feet 3 inches. The walls have been 
gradually disintegrating, owing to the action of the elements. A 
corrugated iron roof has heretofore been erected ovfer this building 
to protect it, so far as practicable, from further decay. 

Surrounding Casa Grande proper is a rectangular walled in- 
closure or "compound," having an area of about 2 acres. In this 
inclosure, which has been called Compound A, excavations conducted 
under the Bureau of American Ethnology have resulted in the un- 
covering of a number of buildings or clusters of rooms, and others 
are known to exist but have not been excavated. Two other com- 
pounds were discovered and designated, respectively, Compound B 
and Compound C, but the latter has not been excavated and is still 
in the form of a mound. These three compounds together constitute 
what is known as the Casa Grande group of ruins. As a result of 
this work, conducted under the Bureau of American Ethnology, the 
points of interest to visitors have been materially augmented. The 
ground plan of the ruin was increased by some 58 rooms, a number 
of plazas and surrounding walls, making the total number of rooms 
now open on the ground floor 100. 

Mr. Frank Pinldey, the custodian, who resides on the reservation, 
reports that the number of visitors during the year were fully up to 
the average and the usual interest seems to be shown by persons from 
the various parts of the United States in the ruin, JHe calls atten- 
tion to the need of literature in relation to the ruin for distribution 
among visitors as a means of greatly increasing the interest of the 
public in the reservation. 

NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND PRESERVATION OF 
AMERICAN ANTIQUITIES. 

GENERAL STATEMENT. 

By an act approved June 8, 1906, entitled "An act for the preser- 
vation of American antiquities," the President of the United States' 
is authorized, "in his discretion, to declare by public proclamation 
historic landmarks, historic and prehistoric structures, and other 
objects of historic or scientific interest that are situated upon the 
lands owned or controlled by the Government of the United States 
to-be national monuments." Under such authority the President has 
created the following monuments; 



12 PLATT AND WIND CAVE XATIONAL PAEKS, ETC. 

yationiil monuments administered "by Interior Department. 



Name. 


State. 


Date. 


Area. 


Devils Tower 




Sept. 24, 1906 
Dee. 8, 1906 
do 


Acres. 
1 152 


Montezuma Castle 




IGO 


El Morro 




160 


Chaco Canyon 


.do . 


Mar. 11,1907 
Jan. 9, 1908 
Jan. 16,1908 
Sept. 15, 1908 
Mar. 20,1909 
July 31,1909 
Sept. 21, 1909 
Sept. 25, 1909 
Nov. 1, 1909 
Mar. 23,1910 
May 30.1910 
May 16,1911 
May 24.1911 
July 31.1911 


20, 629 
295 


Miiir Woods 1 




Pinnacles 


do 


s 2 080 


Tumacacori 


Arizona . 


10 


Navajo 3 


do 


4 600 


Mukuntuweap 


Utah.. 


2 15,840 
210 


Shoshone Cavern 


Wyoming 


Natural Bridges ^ 


Utah. 


2 2,740 


Gran Quivira 




2 160 


Sitka 




257 


Rainbow Bridge ■" 


Utah 


ICO 


Lewis and Clark Cavern 




160 


Colorado « 




13,883 
25 625 


Petrified Forest 











1 Donated to the United States. 
- Estimated area. 
■■' Within an Indian reservation. 

♦ Based on 15 known ruins, with a reserved area of 40 acres surroundinsi each ruin. 
Exterior limits of tract specified In proclamation contain 918,310 acres. 

^ Originally set aside by proclamation of April 16, 1908, and contained only 120 acres. 

The following regulations for the protection of national monu- 
ments were promulgated on November 19, 1910: 

1. Fires are absohitely prohibited. 

2. No firearms are allowed. 

3. No fishing permitted. 

4. Flowers, ferns, or shrubs must not be picked, nor may any 
damage be done to the trees. 

5. Vehicles and horses may be left only at the places designated 
for this purpose, 

6. Lunches may be eaten only at the spots marked out for such 
use. and all refuse and litter must be placed in the receptacles pro- 
vided. 

7. Pollution of the water in any manner is prohibited; it must 
be kept clean enough for drinking purposes. 

8. No drinking saloon or barroom will be permitted. 

9. Persons rendering themselves obnoxious by disorderW conduct 
or bad behavior, or who may violate any of the foregoing rules, will 
be summarih'- removed. 

"Names and addresses of officers having supervision of national monnments. 

F. C. Dezendorf, new custom-house buildins:. ^<an Francisco, Cal. : 

Muir Woods National Monument, Cal. 

Pinnacles National Jlonument. Cal. 
Gratz W. Helm, Federal building, Los Angeles, Cal. : 

Montezuma Castle National Monument, Ariz. 

Petrified Forest National .^ronnment, Ariz. 

Tumacacori National Monument. Ariz. 

Navajo National Monument. Ariz. 
George E. Hair. Federal building. Salt Lake City, Utab : 

Mukuntuweap National Monument. Utah. 

Natural Bridges National ^Monument, Utah. 

Rainbow Bridge National Monument. Utah. 
Lei'oy O. Moore. Santa Fe. N. Mex. : 

El Morro National Monument. N. Mex. 

Chaco Canyon National Monument, N. Mex. 

Gran Quivira National Mouument, N. Mex. 



PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS, ETC. 13' 

H. C. Ciilloui, Helena, Mont., Lewis and Clark Cavern National Monument, Mont 
Adflbert Baker. Cliej-enne. Wyo. : 

Devils Tower National Monument, Wyo. 

Shoshone Cavern National ]\Ionument, Wyo. 
A. Christensen. special agent in charge field service, Alaska (219 Federal 
building. Seattle, Wash.), Sitka National Monument, Alaska. 

By proclamation of May 24, 1911, one new national monument 
under the department has been created during the year, designated 
as the Colorado National Monument, Colo. The lands embraced 
within this reservation are in part identical with those included 
within the boundaries of the Monument National Park proposed in 
H. R. 225-19, introduced in the Sixty-first Congress, and which failed 
of passage. The monument, however, contains nearly 5,000 acres of 
land less than the area proposed to be, segregated by the national- 
park bill. 

In the case of the Lewis and Clark Cavern Monument, Mpnt.. set 
aside by proclamation of May 11. 1908, a new proclamation was 
issued on May 16. 1911, more specifically defining the boundaries 
thereof. 

The Pinnacles National Monument, Cal.. was set aside by a procla- 
mation dated January 16, 1908, at which time it was under the super- 
vision of the Secretary of Agriculture, being within a national forest 
By proclamation dated December 12. 1910. the lands on which this 
monument is located were eliminated from the national forest, and 
since that date it has been under supervision of the Secretary of the 
Interior. 

The Petrified Forest National Monument, Ariz., was originally set 
aside on December 8. 1906, with an area of 60,776 acres. The definite 
location of the principal deposits of silicified wood was not known, 
the intention being to reduce the area after the lands could be exam- 
ined and the location of the valuable deposits determined. During 
the year Dr. George P. Merrill, head curator of geology, National 
Museum, visited the reservation at the instance of this department 
and submitted a report thereon recommending the reduction of the 
metes and bounds of the reservation and suggesting the segregation 
of such portions thereof as are desirable for the use of collectors 
having permits under the act of June 8. 1908, to take specimens of 
silicified wood from the reservation. This report met with the ap- 
proval of the department, and accordingly on July 31. 1911, a new 
proclamation Avas issued reducing the area of the Petrified Forest 
National Monument to 25.625 acres. 

The supervision of these various monuments has. in the absence of 
anv specific a])propriation for their protection and improvement, 
necessarily been intrusted to the field officers of the department hav- 
ing charge of the territory in which the several monuments are 
located. This supervision in many instances is necessarily limited, 
and considerable difficulty has been experienced in protecting the 
monuments from vandalism, unauthorized exploration, and spolia- 
tion. The department has recommended that adequate appropria- 
tion be made by Congress for the protection and improvement of 
these reservations, only such monuments as in the judgment of the 
Secretary of the Interior are subject to depredations by vandals and 
unauthorized collections on the part of the public to be provided with 
a custodian or superintendent. 



14 PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, ETC. 

Natlonnl monuments administered bii the Department of Agriaullure. 



Name. 



State. 



Cinder Cone 

Lassen Peak 

Gila Cliff dwellings . 

Tonto 

Grand Canyon 

Jewel Cave 

Wheeler.- 

Mount Olympus 

Oregon Caves 

Devil's Postpilc. . . . 



California 

do 

New Mexico . . 

Arizona 

do 

South Dakota. 

Colorado 

Washington... 

C)rcgon 

California 



Date. 



, 1007 



May C. 

do 

Nov. l(i,l!)()7 

Dec. 19,1907 

Jan. 11, 190S 

Feb. 7, 190S 

Dec. 17,1908 

Mar. 2. 1909 

July 12,1909 

Juiv 6,1911 



Area. 



Acres. 

15,120 

I 1,2S0 

160 

1 640 

1 806. 400 

' 1,280 

300 

1608,640 

480 

800 



1 Estimated area. 
• 

National monument administered by the War Department. 


Name. 


State. 


Date. 


Area. 


Big Hole Battlefield 


Montana 


June 2.3,'1910i 


Acres. 
5 









' Set aside by Executive order. 

The uniform riile.s and regulations promulgated by the Secretaries 
of the Interior, Agriculture, and War, under date of December 28, 
1906, to carry into effect the general provisions of the act for the 
preservation of American antiquities provides (par, 3) that — 

Permits for the excavation of ruins, the excavation of archeological sites, and 
the gathering of ob.iects of antiquity will be granted, by the respective secre- 
taries having jurisdiction, to reputable museums, universities, colleges, or other 
recognized scientific or educational institutions, or to their duly authorized 
agenta. 

During the year three permits were granted for the examination, 
excavation, and gathering of specimens in the San Joaquin Valley 
in the contiguous State and Territory of Utah and Arizona, the ruins 
of Puye on the Santa Clara Indian Reservation in New Mexico, and 
the prehistoric ruins on public lands in the northern part of Yavapai 
County, Ariz., adjacent to the Coconino National Forest. Permits 
^vere granted for the gathering of samples of silicified wood from the 
I^etriiied Forest National Monument to Dr. Victor Goldsmith, for 
the use of the museum of the University of Heidelberg, Germany, 
and to the American Museum of National History, New York City. 
One application was denied. A number of the largest archeological 
institutions in the country have claimed that the uniform regulations 
of December 28, 1906, should be amended so as to remove certain 
i-estrictions which they regard as oppressive. This matter is still 
under consideration in the department. 

MUIR WOODS NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

On December 31, 1907, the Secretary of the Interior, for and on 
behalf of the United States, accepted from William Kent and his 
wife, Elizabeth Thatcher Kent, of Chicago, 111., in accordance wnth 
the act of Congress approved June 8, 1906, entitled "An act for the 
preservation of American antiquities," a deed conveying to the United 
States the following-described land, situate in Marin County, Cal. : 



PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS, ETC. 



15 



Beginning at a stalve, A. 7. driven in the center of tlie road in Redwood 
Canon and located by tlie following conrses and distances from the point of 
commencement of the tract of land, which was conveyed by the Tamalpais Land 
and Water Company to William Kent by a deed dated August 29th, 1905, and 
recorded in the office of the county recorder of Marin County, California, 
Book 95 of Deeds at page 58. to wit : North eighteen degrees thirty-two minutes, 
east two hundred thirty-two and sixty-four hundredths feet, north sixty-sis 
degrees thirty minutes, west one hundred sixty-seven and thirty-four hundredths 
feet, north eighty-six degrees twenty-five minutes, west ninety-eight and sixty- 
two hundredths feet, north seventy degrees no minutes, west two hundred 
forty-one and seven hundredths feet, north fifty-seven degrees twenty-nine 
minutes, west one hundred seventy-eight and three-hundredths feet, north 
forty-six degrees twenty-two minutes, west two hundred thirty-five and thirty- 
nine hundredths feet, and north twenty-four degrees twenty-five minutes, west 









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Fk^. :1. — Miiir ^YoocIs National Monument. Cal., in T. 1 N., R. 6 W., Mount Diablo merid- 
ian ; created Januarj- 9, 1908. 



two hundred twenty-five and fifty-six hundredths feet ; thence from said stake, 
A. 7, the point of beginning, south fifty-four degrees nineteen minutes, west 
fourteen hundred eighty-two and seven-tenths feet to Station K. S, from which 
Station 4 of the survey of the tract of land conveyed to William Kent as 
aforesaid bears south fifty-four degrees nineteen minutes, west three hundred 
ten feet distant ; thence from said Station A. S north forty-seven degrees thirty 
minutes, west twenty-six hundred eighty feet ; thence due west six hundred 
fifty and eight-tenths feet; thence north fifty-two degrees thirty minutes, west 
eleven hundred feet; thence north nineteen degrees forty-five minutes, west 
ten hundred fifty-eight and four-tenths feet to Station A. 12, from which 
Station 16 of the survey of the tract of land conveyed to William Kent as 
aforesaid bears south eightj^-three, degrees forty-two minutes, west three hun- 
dred ten feet distant; thence north eighty-three degrees forty-two minutes, 
east thirty-one hundred nine and two-tenths feet; thence north fifty-five degrees 

43009—12 3 



16 PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, ETC. 

twenty-eight minutes, east fifteen hundred fiftj- feet to an iron bolt, three- 
quarters of an inch in diameter and thirty inches long, Station 14; thence south 
seventeen degrees eighteen minutes, east twenty-eight hundred twenty and uine- 
tenths feet; thence south four degrees ten minutes, east nine hundred thirty 
feet to a stake, A. 16, driven in the center of a graded road ; and thence south 
forty-five degrees seventeen minutes, west two hundred ninety-eight and five- 
tenths feet to said stake A. 7, the place of beginning. Containing an area of 
two hundred ninety-five acres, a little more or less. 

On January 9, 1908, the President, by virtue of the power and au- 
thority vested in him by section 2 of said act, declared, proclaimed, 
and set apart the lands described as a "national monument to be 
known and recognized as Muir Woods National Monument." The 
Secretary of the Interior had, prior to the date last mentioned, with- 
drawn the lands from entry or sale. 

On September 10, 1908, the department prescribed regulations as 
follows for the government and protection of said monument : 

The following rules and regulations for the government of the Muir Woods 
National Monument, in the State of California, set aside under the provisions of 
the act of Congress approved June S, 1906, are hereby established and made 
public, pursuant to the authority conferred by said act : 

1. Fires are absolutely prohibited. 

2. No firearms allowed. 

3. No fishing permitted. 

4. Flowers, ferns, or shrubs must not be picked, nor may any damage be done 
to the trees. 

5. ^'ehicles and horses may be left only at the places designated for this 
purpose. 

6. Lunches may be eaten only at the spots marked out for such use, and all 
refuse and litter must be placed in the receptacles provided. 

7. Pollution of the water in any manner is prohibited. It must be kept 
clean enough for drinking purposes. 

8. No drinking saloon or barroom will be permitted. 

9. Persons rendering themselves obnoxious by disorderly conduct or bad be- 
havior, or who may violate any of the foregoing rules, will be summarily 
removed. 

While the sundry civil act approved May 27, 1908 (35 Stat., 317), 
was pending before Congress attention was called to the fact that no 
provision was made for the salaries of custodians or for other protec- 
tion of national monuments, as recommended in the estimates for 
these services, and that the department would be embarrassed in its 
efforts to protect monuments from vandalism and unauthorized ex- 
l^loration and spoliation because of a lack of funds. The depart- 
ment had recommended an appropriation of $5,000 for these purposes. 
Three thousand dollars had been appropriated the previous year, but 
because of deficient wording of the act, was not made available. 
However, on July 11, 1910, Andrew Lincl, of California, was ap- 
pointed custodian of the Muir Woods National Monument, at a salary 
of $900 per annum, paj^able from the appropriation "Protection of 
public lands and timber." 

These lands consist of one of the most noted redwood groves in the 
State of California, and were held in private ownership by Mr. Kent. 
The tract is of great scientific interest, contains many redwood trees 
which have grown to a height of 300 feet and have a diameter at the 
butt of 18 feet or more. It is located in a direct line about 7 miles 
from San Francisco, Cal., and is in close proximity to a large and 
growing suburban population. 

The report of Mr. Andrew Lind, the custodian of the reservation, 
for the year shows that the monument was carefully patroled and the 
regulations for the government thereof enforced. Obstructions to 



PLATT AISTD WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS, ETC. 



17 



the roads and trails in the shape of fallen trees have been removed 
and placed in condition for the accommodation of travel. About 
50,000 people visited the monument during the year. Mr. Lind 
recommends that allotments be made for the renewing and cleaning 
out of the fire lines, that the main road running through the reserva- 
tion be put in better condition, and that a suitable building be pro- 
vided inside the monument for the use of the custodian. 

PETRIFIED FOREST OF ARIZONA. 
'TTTTT Reservation Boundary — County Boundary <^S?Collectin|Grounds 




Fig. 4. — Petrified Forest National Monument, Ariz., embracing sees. 1, 2, 11, and 12 and 



40.04 acres, set aside by proclamation of the President July 31, 1911. 

The Petrified Forest of Arizona lies in the area between the Little 
Colorado Eiver and the Rio Puerco, 15 miles east of their junction 
and 6 miles south of Adamana, a station on the Santa Fe Pacific 
Railroad, from which place it is accessible by horse or vehicle. This 
area is of great interest because of the abundance of petrified conifer- 
ous trees, as well as its scenic features. The trees lie scattered about 



18 



PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS, ETC. 



in great profusion; none, however, stands erect in its original place 
of growth, as do many of the petrified trees in the Yellowstone 
National Park. The trees probably at one time grew beside an inland 
sea ; after falling they became waterlogged, and during decomposition 
the cell structure of the Avood was entirely replaced by silica "derived 
from sandstone in the surrounding land. Over a greater part of the 
entire area trees lie scattered in all conceivable positions and in frag- 
ments of all sizes. Perhaps the most prominent of all the scenic 





■Shajito Sp. 

'^ NAVAIJ 

Tsa-un-ne-e „j>' 



,.■•■' jScfltSp. 

/tniblAN RESER\/ATTpN 



e J'"' Me 



Sd 



\¥5?\ (MOQUI) INDIAN RESERVATION 



s.... 



30 



Fig. 5. — Navajo National Monument, Ariz., embracin;;; all cliff-dwelling and pneblo ruins 
between the parallel of latitude 36° 30' and 37° north and longitude 110° and 110° 45' 
west from Greenwich, with 40 acres of land in square form around each of said ruins ; 
created March 20, 1909. 

features of the region is the well-known Natural Bridge, consisting 
of a great petrified trunk lying across a canyon 45 feet in width and 
forming a footbridge over which anyone may easily pass. 

Prof. Lester F. Ward, of the Geological Surve_v, has stated that 
" there is no other petrified forest in which the wood assumes so many 
varied and interesting forms and colors, and it is these that present 
the chief attraction for the general public. The state of mineraliza- 
tion in which much of this wood exists almost places them among 
the gems or precious stones. Not only are chalcedony, opals, and 
agates found among them, but many approach the condition of 
jasper and onyx. The degree of hardness attained by them is such 
that they are said to make an excellent quality of emery."- 

Dr. Walter Hough, of the Smithsonian Institution, who visited 
this monument, states that " in the celebrated Petrified Forest, which 
is some 18 miles from Holbrook, Ariz., on the picturesque Santa Fe 



PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS, ETC. 



19 



Eailroad, there are ruins of several ancient Indian villages. These 
villages are small, in some cases having merely a few houses, but 
what gives them a peculiar interest is that they were built of logs 
of beautiful fossil wood. * * * The prehistoric dwellers of the 
land selected cylinders of uniform size, which were seemingly deter- 
mined by the carrying strength of a man. It is probable that pre- 
liistoric builders never chose more beautiful stones for the construc- 




FiG. 6. — Navajo National Monument, Ariz., containing 360 acres, embrficing the Keet 
Seel and Betata Kin ruins, located in two small tracts of 160 acres each, along Laguna 
Creek, and Inscription House ruins, on Navajo Creek, in a 40-acre tract, all within the 
Navajo Indian Reservation. 

tion of their habitations than the trunks of the trees which flourished 
ages before man appeared on the earth. 

" This wood agate also furnished material for stone hammers, 
arrowheads, and knives^ which are often found in ruins hundreds of 
miles from the forest." 



NAVAJO NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

This monument as originally created embraces a large area within 
the Navajo Indian Keservation, which was reserved tentatively and 



20 



PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS, ETC. 



with a view to a reduction to such small tract or tracts as might be 
found to contain valuable prehistoric pueblo or cliff dwellings when 
the extent of same could be determined by examination on the ground 
and their locus definitely fixed by traverse lines connecting them with 
some corner of the public surveys. Both of these conditions have 
now been fulfilled. By proclamation of March 14, 1912, the original 
reserve was reduced to three small tracts, embracing 360 acres, within 
which are located, respectively, two most interesting and extensive 
pueblo cliff-dwelling ruins in a remarkable state of preservation and 
known as the Betata Kin and Keet Seel, and a third cliff-dwelling 
ruin called Inscription House, located on Navajo Creek just beyond 
the western boundary of the present monument and centrally located 



T.2IN., R.IIVV. 



T.2IN.,R.I0W. 




T2IN.,R.J2W. 



T.I7N.,R.I2W. 



Hin-ya. 




T.I7N.,R.10W. T.20N.,R.8W. 




CasaMore-ho Pi"+3dof^ 




Fifi. 7. — Chaco Canjon National Monnmont, M. Mex., embracing sees. 7 and 8 and IG 
to 29, inclusive, T. 21 N., R. 10 W. ; sees. 1, 2, 3, 4. and 8 to 14, inclusive, and 17 
19, 20, and 30, T. 21 N., R. 11 W. ; S. I sec. 12, T. 20 N., R. 8 W. ; SE. i sec. 32, T. 21 
N., R. 12 W. ; SE. J sec. 28, T. 17 N., R. 12 W. ; SE. J sec. 17, T. 17 N., R. 10 W., New 
Mexico principal meridian ; created March 11, 1907. 

within and protected by a tract of land containing 40 acres. Inscrip- 
tion House is extraordinary not only because of its remarkable state 
of preservation, but because upon the walls of its well-preserved 
rooms were found inscriptions written in Spanish by early explorers 
and plainly dated 1661. 

The new boundaries of the Navajo National Monument under the 
latter proclamation are shown in the preceding plat. 



CHACO CANYON NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

These remarkable relics of an unknown people embrace numerous 
communal or pueblo dwellings built of stone, among which is the 
ruin known as Pueblo Bonito, containing, as it originally stood. 



PLATT AND WIND CAVE ISTATIOlSrAL PAEKS, ETC. 



21 



1,200 rooms and being the largest prehistoric ruin yet discovered in 
the Southwest. Numerous other ruins, containing from fifty to a 
hundred or more rooms, are scattered along Chaco Canyon and tribu- 
taries for a distance of about 14 miles and upon adjacent territory 
to the east, south, and west of Chaco Canyon many miles farther. 
The most important of these ruins are as follows: Pueblo Bonito, 
Chettro Kettle, Arroyo, New Alto, Old Alto, Kin-Klet Soi, Casa 
Chiquita, Penasco Blanco, Kin-Kla-tzin, Hungo Pa vis, Unda Vidie, 
AYeji-gi, Kim-me-ni-oli, Kin-yai, Casa Morena, and Pintado. 

RAINBOW BRIDGE NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

This natural bridge is located within the Navajo Indian Reserva- 
tion, near the southern boundary of Utah, a few miles northwest 



cSFfPi 



y''''''W6mr4 



nV^ 



NAVAJO 




"bono. IIO'SS'fa.TSJ ^ '■' 






..^^^ 



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hat" Mile Cor 



TTTTTTTTTTT. Monument Boundary 

Fig. Si. — Rainbow Bridge National Monument, Utali, embracing 160 acres of land in 
square form, the southeast corner of which bears from one hundred and seventy-ninth 
mile corner on the Utah and Arizona boundary N. 60° 25' 13" W. 7 miles 67.87 chains 
distant ; created September 25, 1909. 

from Navajo Mountain, a well known peak and landmark, and spans 
a canyon and small stream which drains the northwestern slopes of 
this peak. Among the known extraordinary natural bridges of the 
world, this bridge is unique in that it is not only a symmetrical arch 
below but presents also a curved surface above, thus presenting, 
roughly, the character of the rainbow, for which it is named. Its 
height above the surface of the water is 309 feet and its span is 278 
feet. 

The existence of this natural wonder was first disclosed to William 
B. Douglass, an examiner of surveys of the General Land Office, on 
August 14, 1909, by a Piute Indian, called " Mike's-boy," later 
"Jim," who was employed in connection with the survey of the 
natural bridges in White Canyon, Utah. 



22 



PLATT AND WIND GAVE NATIONAL PARKS, ETC. 



EL MORRO NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

A feature of great historic interest and importance is the so-called 
El Morro or Inscription Rock, some 35 miles almost due east of Zuni 
Pueblo in western central New Mexico. 

It is not too much to say that no rock formation in the West or 
perhaps in the world is so well adapted to the purpose for which this 
table of stone was used — at least history does not record any collection 
of similar data. Here are records covering two centuries, some of 
which are the only extant memoranda of the early expeditions and 
explorations of what is now the southwestern part of the United 
States. On these smooth walls, usually under some projecting 




Fig. 9. — El Morro National Monument, N. Mex., embracing the S. I NE. J and N. i SE. 
J sec. 6, T. 9 N., R. 14 W., New Mexico meridian ; created December 8, 1906. 

stratum, inscriptions were cut by the early conquerors and explorers, 
which have made this rock one among the most interesting objects 
on the continent. 

Here, in this remote and uninhabited region, in the shadows of 
one of nature's most unique obelisks, wrapped in the profound silence 
of the desert, with no living thing to break the stillness, it is hard tb 
realize that 300 j^ears ago these same walls echoed the clank of steel 
harness and coats of mail ; that with the implements of Spanish con- 
quest the pathfinders in the New World were carving historical 
records uj)on the eternal rock. 



PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS, ETC. 23 

Locally Inscription Rock and El Morro are known as separate and 
distinct monumental rocks. The latter, translated The Castle, is the 
rock standing- out in bold relief to the east, while Inscription Rock is 
the name applied to the formation to the west, which is a part of the 
mesa. On the south side in the angle formed by the two, one extend- 
ing east and the other south, is a great chamber or cavern, a natural 
amphitheater where secure refuge from storm or human foe could 
easily be secured. It is here, too, that the only spring within many 
miles wells up as if to make the natural fortification doubly secure. 
Upon these walls are many of the best preserved Spanish inscriptions, 
although there are quite a number 200 feet east, under the shadows of 
a stately pine tree and on the north side of El Morro. Most of them 
are as plain and apparently as legible as the day they were written ; 
especially is this true of the older ones, carved during the sixteenth 
and seventeenth centuries. 

The existence of extensive, prehistoric ruins on the very summit of 
Inscription Rock is another feature of interest. On the top of the 
rock a deep cleft or canyon divides the western end of the formation. 
On each of these arms is the remnant of large communal houses or 
pueblos. Some of the walls are yet standing and the ground plans 
of the structures are well defined. That on the south arm, and almost 
overhanging the cavern and spring, is approximately 200 by 150 feet ; 
some of the buildings must have been more than one story in height. 

The remarkable natural defenses of the site and the existence of 
the spring doubtless induced the builders to select this odd location. 
At some distant day it may ))e desirable to excavate these ruins and 
thus add to this historic spot attractions for the scientist as well as 
the general public who are interested in scenic and natural curiosities. 

LEWIS AiSTD CLARK CAVERN NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

The feature of this monument is a limestone cavern of -great scien- 
tific interest, because of its length and because of the number of 
large vaulted chambers it contains. It is of historic interest, also, 
because it overlooks for a distance or more than 50 miles the trail 
of Lewis and Clark along the Jefferson River, named by them. The 
vaults of the cavern are magnificently decorated with stalactites and 
stalagmite formations of great variety in size, form, and color, the 
equal of, if not rivaling, the similar formations in the well-laiown 
Luraj^ caves in Virginia. 

The cavern is located about 1 mile northeasterly from Limespur, a 
post office in Jefferson County, and a station on the Northern Pacific 
Railroad. Its two entrances, which are about 100 yards apart, are 
upon the walls of a deep canyon about 500 feet below the rim, and 
the cavern extends back therefrom approximately half a mile. The 
proclamation establishing this monument is as follows: 

Whereas the iiusurveyed tract of laud containing an extraordinary limestone 
cavern and embracing one hundred and sixty acres, situated in township one 
north, range two west of the Montana principal meridian, Montana, and which 
was created the Lewis and Clark (?avern National Monument by proclamation 
dated the 11th day of May, 1908. has recently been definitely located by an 
official survey thereof, made under the direction of the Commissioner of the 
General Land Office, and such survey having determined that the tract in ques- 
tion lies wholly within the limits of the grant of the Northern Pacific Railway 
Company but has not yet been patented to that company ; 



24 



PIATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, ETC. 



Aud whereas, by its quitclaim deed the said Northern Pacific Railway Com- 
pan5^ relinquished unto the United States all its right, title, and interest to lot 
t^v(d^•e, section seventeen, township one north, range two west of the Montana 
principal meridian, Montana, the same being the original tract proclaimed a 
national nionnmeut, for the purpose of maintaining thereon the said Lewis 
and Clark Cavern National Monument, under the condition that the instrument 
of relinquishment shall become void and the premises immediately revert to the 
grantor should the monument no longer be maintained. 

Now, therefore, I, William H. Taft, President of the United States of 
America, by virtue of the power in me vested by section two of the act of 
Congress approved June 8, 1906, entitled "An act for the preservation of Ameri- 



i 6 : 5 



18 



Lot/2 
Sec.<x/7 

Entcance 
to Cay^e 






16 




\/o 



19 



20 



T. I N. R. 2 W. 



21 



/('//^//y/////////// Monument Boundary 



Fig. 10. — Lewis and Clark Cavern National Monument, Mont., embracing lot 12, sec. 17, 
T. 1 N., R. 2 W., Montana principal meridian ; created May 11, 1908. 



can antiquities," do hereby set aside and confirm as the Lewis and Clark 
Cavern National Monument the said tract, embracing one hundred and sixty 
acres of land, at and surrounding the limestone cavern in section seventeen, 
township one north, range two west, Montana, subject to the conditions set 
forth In the relinquishment and quitclaim deed No. 1S129E, dated February 14, 
1911, of the Northern Pacific Railway Company, the said tract being in square 
form and designated as lot twelve in the survey and deed, with side lines run- 
ning north and south and all sides equidistant from the main entrance of the 
said cavern, the center of said entrance bearing north forty-nine degrees, forty- 
two minutes west, fifty-three and thirteen hundredths chains distant from the 
corner to sections sixteen, seventeen, twenty, and twenty-one, as shown upon 
the diagram hereto attached and made a part hereof. 



PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, ETC. 



25 



AVarniug is hereby expressly given to all persons not to appropriate, injure, 
or destroy any of the natural formations in the cavern hereby declared to be 
national monument, nor to locate or settle upon any of the lands reserved and 
made a part of said monument by this proclamation. 

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the 
United States to be affixed. 

Done at the city of Washington this sixteenth day of May, in the year 

[SEAL.] of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and eleven, and of' the 

independence of the United States the one hundred and thirty-fifth. 



TUMACACOm NATIONAL MONUMENT. 



S" Chains 




/Q Chains 



V7^777777Z7777777777777777Z7777777P777y 



NATIONAL 

j;:::r3 Adobe House 

MONUMENT 



I 



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Q Adobe House 



□ Adobe House 
Residence 



'/i-Cor. Sec. 30-31 

^^?- 11-— -Tumacacori National Monument, Ariz., embracing the E. J NW J SW J SE 
\ and the W. I NB. \ SW. \ SB. \. sec. 30, T. 21 S., R. 13 E., Gila and Salt River 
meridian; created September 15, 1908. 

-.^"^his monument embraces 10 acres of land relinquished to the 
United States by a homestead entryman for the purposes specified in 
the act. of June 8, 1906. Upon the tract is located a very ancient 
Spanish mission rum, erected probably, as appears from the reports, 
m the latter part of the sixteenth century. The church is in a re- 
markable state of preservation, owing to \h% fact that it was erected 
out of burned bricks and cement mortar. 



26 



PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, ETC. 



MONTEZUMA CASTLE NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

This structure is of very great interest, not only because of its pi-'- 
turesqueness, but for ethnological and other scientific reasons. It is 
strictly a cliff dwelling, with the added importance that it is also 
a communal house. Although very small as compared with the great 
ruins of Chaco Canj^on, Canyon de Chelley, Mesa Verde, the Mancos, 
and other localities of the Southwest, it is so unique in location and 
structural design, and so perfectly preserved, that it may be said 
to have no equal in the United States. 

The character of the material used in the Verde cliff ruins, adobe, 
rubble, and a soft calcareous stone, rendered the progress of disin- 
tegration and ruin someAvhat rapid, though many centuries must 




Sec. 7 6 



Fig. VI. — Montezuma Castle National Monument, Ariz., embracing the NW. \ NW. \ 
sec. 16, the N. \ NE. | and NE. | NW. \ sec. 17, T. 14 N., R. 5 E., Gila and Salt River 
meridian ; created December 8, 1906. 

have elapsed since the passing of the race. The Mojave Apache 
Indians, who occupied the valley at the advent of the white men, have 
no tradition respecting the existence of the people who formerly 
occupied this region. Montezuma's Castle, it is stated, is the only 
single perfect specimen and type of the architectural skill of the 
prehistoric cliff dwellers of this valley. 

NATURAL BRIDGES NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

This tract of land was first created a national monument on April 
16, 1908. 

A second proclamation, issued by the President September 25, 1909, 
includes, besides the three bridges originally reserved, a much more 



PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, ETC. 



2T 



extended territory, but within which, along the walls of the canyons 
in the vicinity of the bridges, are found many prehistoric ruins of 
cavern and cliff dwellings. There are also two cavern springs con- 
taining some prehistoric ruins, which are located approximately IS 
and 19 miles southeast of the bridges, respectively. These caveni 
springs are included within the Natural Bridges Monument. They 
are located upon the ancient and only trail to the bridges from the 
south, and are important way stations in the desert surrounding this. 
monument. 



1 — 




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1 36 




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Fig. 13. — Natural Bridges National Monument. Utah, embracing a subtriansular tract ia 
unsurveyed Tps. 36 and 37 S., K. 17 E., and two smaller tracts, one each in T. 38 S.. 
R. 19 E., and T. 39 S., R. 20 E., Salt Lake meridian ; created September 25, 1909. 



GRAN QUIVIRA NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

The Gran Quivira has long been recognized as one of the most 
important of the earliest Spanish church or mission ruins in the 
Soutlnvest. Near by are numerous Indian pueblo ruins, occupying an 
area many acres in extent, which also, with sufficient land to protect 
them, was reserved., The outside dimensions of the church ruins,, 
wdiich is in the form of a short-arm cross, are about 48 by 140 feet^. 
and its walls are from 4 to 6 feet thick and from 12 to 20 feet hieh. 



28 



PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, ETC. 



The Gran Quivira Xational Monument is located H miles outside 
of the exterior boundaries of the Manzano National Forest, and is 
remote from the headquarters of any officer of this department. 

MUKUNTUWEAP NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

The Mukuntuweap National Monument, Utah, embraces the mag- 
nificent gorge of Zion Creek, called the Mukuntuweap Canyon by the 




Seel 34 



Sec. 35 




T. IN. R. 8 E.I 



Vy. 






////. ,\\\1 



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ffl El I tHuribn " ™ 

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y////////////y:>!<^y/, 



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-i- ^' Sec, 3 ,Sec.-2- 






T I 5. R 8 E. 



Monumenf Boundary 






Fig. 14. — Gran Quivira National Monument, N. Mex., embracing unsurveyed N. J N. ^ 
sec. 3, T. 1 S., R. 8 E., New Mexico principal meridian ; created November 1, 1909. 

Powell Topographic Survey of southwestern Utah, Kanab sheet, and 
the same is of the greatest scientific interest. The canyon walls are 
smooth, vertical sandstone precipices, from 800 to 2,000 feet deep. 
These walls are unscalable within the limits of the boundaries of the 
reserve, except at one point about 4 miles from the southern and 6 
miles from the northern extremity. The north fork of the Rio 
Virgin passes through the canyon, and it is stated that the views into 
the Canyon from its rim are exceeded in beauty and grandeur only by 
the similar views into the Grand Canvon of the Colorado. 



PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, ETC. 



29 




.^Z^Z^Z^ Monumsnf Bouncfari/ 

Fig. 15. — Mukuntuweap National Monument, Utah, embracing sees. 3, 4. 5, 6, 8, 9. 10, 14, 
15, 16, 21, 22, 23, 26, 27, 28, 33. and 34, T. 40 S., R. 10 W., and all of the Mukuntuweap 
Canyon in T. 41 S., R. 10 W., Salt Lake meridian ; created July 31, 1909. 



30 



PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, ETC. 



At intervals along the west wall of the canyon are water courses 
which cross the rim and plunge into the gorge in Avaterfalls 800 to 
2,000 feet high. 

SHOSHONE CAVERN NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

The Shoshone Cavern National Monument embraces 210 acres of 
rough, mountainous land. The cavern entrance is located upon the 




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i'MM' 



^i 



^■^m 



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Nf\ oil'' '(/,;,;, " ' 













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////j^/^// Naiiona/ Monume/r/' Boundarcf 

Fig. 16. — Shoshone Cavern National Monument. W\o., embracing the SW. \ SE. J, W. J 
SE. i SB. i, SW. \ NB. J SB. \, S. i NW. J SE. J ; and SE. \ SW. \. sec. 5 ; the NW. 
J NE. J and NE. J NW. J sec. 8, T. 52 N., R. 102 W., sixth principal meridian ; created 
September 21, 1909. 

north face of Cedar Mountain, about 3 miles east of the great 
Shoshone Dam in Big Horn County. Wyo. From its entrance the 
cavern runs in a south^^ esterly direction for more than 800 feet, if 
measured in a direct line. The route which must be traveled to 



PLATT AISTD WUvTD CAVE NATIOIS^AL PARKS, ETC. 



31 



reach this depth within the mountain, however, is so winding and 
irregular that at least a mile is passed before the terminus is reached. 
There are en route many dark pits and precipices of unknown depth 
and therefore of a special interest. The various chambers and pas- 
sages are beautifully decorated with a sparkling crust of limestone 
crystals and from the roof hang myriads of stalactites. 

SITKA NATIONAL MONUMENT, ALASKA. 

This monuinent reservation, created under the act of June 8, 1906, 
embraces about 57 acres of comparatively level gravel plain formed 



CORNER 




ViG: 17. — Sitka National Monument, Alasl^a, embracing a tract of land which includes the 
mouth of Indian River and adjacent territory near Sitka; created March 23, 1910. 

by sea wash and by the deposits of Indian Eiver, which flows through 
the tract. Upon this ground was located formerly the village of a 
warlike tribe — the Kik-Siti Indians — who. in 1802, massacred the 
Kussians in old Sitka and thereafter fortified themselves and de- 
fended their village against the Russians under Baranoff and Lisi- 
anski. Here also are the graves of a Russian midshipman and six 
sailors, who were killed in a decisive battle in 1801; a celebrated 
'* witch tree '' of the natives; and 16 totem poles, several of which are 
examples of the best work of the savage genealogists of the Alaska 
clans, stand sentrylike along the beach. 



32 



PLAIT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAKKS, ETC. 



DEVILS TOWER NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

This extraordinary, natural monument has been known and util- 
ized, doubtless, from time immemorial by the aborigines of the plains 
and mountains, for the American Indian of the last century was 
found to be directing his course to and from the hunt and foray by 
reference to this lofty pile. In their turn the white pioneers of 
civilization in their explorations of the great Northwest which began 
Avith the expedition of the Verendryes, pathfinders of the French 
colonies of Canada, in 1742. utilized the tower as a landmark, and 
still later the militarj' expeditions into the Sioux and Crow Indian 
country during the Indian wars of the last century carried on opera- 
tions within sight of the Devils Tower or directed their march by 



R66W: 



R65W. 



T53N.- 




Fig. 18. — Devils Tower National Monument. Wye embracing sec. 7 and the N. i NE. |, 
the XE. I XW. i. and lot Xo. 1. sec. IS, T. 53 N., R. 65 W. ; the E. i sec. 12 and the 
N. h XE. J sec. 13, T. 53 N., R. 66 AV., sixth principal meridian ; created September 24, 
1906. 

the aid of its ever-present beacon, for the toAver is visible in some 
directions in that practically cloudless region for nearly 100 miles. 

• PINNACLES NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

There are tAvo groups of the so-called Pinnacles Rocks, knoAvn 
locally as the Big "Pinnacles and the Little Pinnacles. The general 
characteristics of the tAvo groups are similar. Each coA^ers an area 
of about 160 acres, very irregular in outline. 

The name is derived from the spirelike formations rising from 
600 to 1.000 feet from the floor of the canyon, forming a landmark 
visible many miles in every direction. Many of the rocks are so 



PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, ETC. 



33 



precipitous that they can not be scaled. A series of caves, opening 
one into the other, lie under each of the groups of rock. These caves 
vary greatly in size, one in particular, known as the Banquet HalL 
being about 100 feet square with a ceiling 30 feet high. The caves 
are entered through narrow canyons, with perpendicular rock walls 



20 Zl 22 23 1 24 T. 1 5 S . 




T.I7S. 



R.7E. 

Fig. 19. — Pinnacles National Monument, Cal. ; created January 16, 190S. 

and overhanging bowlders. One huge stone, called the Temple Kock., 
is almost cubical in form. It stands alone in the bottom of the can- 
yon and its walls, rise perpendicularly to a height of over 200 feet. 
There are also several specimens of " balancing rocks " in each of 
the groups. 

COIiORADO NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

This area was set aside as a national monument by the President's 
proclamation of May 24:, 1911, and is the latest monument to be 
created. 

It is situated near Grand Junction, Colo., and the site is in as 
picturesque canyon, which has long been an attractive feature of that 
portion of the State. The formation is similar to that of the Garden 
of the Gods at Colorado Springs, Colo., only much more beautiful 
and picturesque. With the exception of the Grand Canyon of the 
Colorado it exhibits probably as highly colored, magnificent, and 
impressive examples of erosion, particularly of lofty monoliths, as 
may be found anywhere in the West. These monoliths are located 
in several contributary canyons. Some of them are of gigantic size, 
one being over 400 feet high, almost circular in cross section, and 
100 feet in diameter at base. 



CINDER CONE NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

The Cinder Cone National Monument was created by proclamation 
dated Mav 6, 1907. It is situated within the Lassen Peak National 



34 



PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, ETC. 



Forest, and with the adjacent area, embracinof a lava field and Snag 
Lake and Lake Bid well, is of scientific interest as illustrative of vol- 
canic activity, and is of special importance in tracing the history of 
tlie volcanic phenomena of that vicinity. 



29 




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X- 



31 



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20 



29 



32 



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22 



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33 



9 



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23 



26 



34 



10 



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6^^ P.M. 



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^\^:^\i>>\:^^::^\ii Monument Bounabry. 



Fig. 20. — Colorado National Monument, Colo., embracing parts of Tps. 11 and 12 S., Rs. 
101 and 102 W. of the sixth principal meridian, and part of sec. .'^2, T. 1 N., R. 2 W. 
of the ij'te meridian, Colo., containinjx l?),88o.06 acres. . 



LASSEN PEAK NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

The Lassen Peak National Monument was created by proclamation 
dated May G, 1907. It is situated within the Lassen Peak National 
Forest and marks the southern terminus of the long line of extinct 
volcanoes in the Cascade Range, from which one of the greatest 
volcanic fields in the world extends, and is of special importance in 
tracing the history of the volcanic phenomena of that vicinity. 



PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS, ETC. 



35 



GILA CLIFF-DWELLINGS NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

The Gila Cliff-Dwellings National Monument was created by proc- 
lamation dated November 16, 1907. These cliff-dweller ruins are 




Fig. 21. — Cinder Cone National Monument, within Lassen Peak National. Forest, Cal. 



6 


5 


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8 


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23 


24 


30 


29 


28 


27 


26 


25 


31 


32 


33 


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35 


36 



Pig. 22. — Lassen Peak National Monument, within Lassen Peak National Forest, Cal. 

neither very large nor very important, but are located in a district in 
which few prehistoric ruins are found. 



36 



PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, ETC. 



TONTO NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

The Tonto National Monument was created by proclamation dated 
December 19, 1907. It is located in Gila County, Ariz., and em- 
braces two prehistoric ruins of cliff dwellings located somewhat 
less than 2 miles south of the Salt River Reservoir constructed by 
the Reclamation Service in the valley of the Salt River within the 
Tonto Basin, and is about 5 miles southeasterly from the town of 
Roosevelt. The prehistoric ruin is situated in the high, flaring en- 



CLIFF 
DWELLINGS 



Sec' 2 7 



Fig. 23. — Gila Cliff-Dwellings National Monument, within Gila National Forest. N. Mex., 
embracinj,' NE. J of sec. 27, T. 12 S., R. 14 W., New Mexico principal meridian and 
base. 

trance to a large, shallow cavern, is three stories high, approximately 
60 feet wide and 30 feet deep, and contains 14 or more rooms. 

GRAND CANYON NATIONAL MONUMENT, ARIZ. 

A considerable portion of the area set aside by the proclamation 
creating this national monument is covered by three different procla- 
mations, one of which created the Grand Canyon Forest Reserve, one 
the game preserve embracing that part of the national forest north 
of the river, and the third the monument proclamation. It is be- 



PLATT AND WIISTD CAVE NATIOKAL PARKS, ETC. 



37 



lieved that the most wonderful portion of the camion is contained 
within the present limits of the national monument and game pre- 
Steps have been taken to create a national park of the Grand 
Canyon of the Arizona, and a bill (H. R. 6331) providing for such 
purpose was introduced in Congress April 20, 1911, and is now 
pending before that body. The Association of American Geog- 
raphers has recommended that the above-mentioned park be desig- 
nated as Powell National Park, and the Geological Society of America 
serves. 



^////////////////////////^^^^ 



%.•/ 






\ 



SecJ^^^ 




I 
I 

i 
I 

i ' I 

Fig. 24. — Tonto National Monument, imsurveyed sec. 34, T. 4 N., R. 12 E., Gila and Salt 
River meridian, Ariz., containing 640 acres. 

has approved the naming of the national park in the Grand Canyon 
of the Colorado after its explorer, Maj. J. W. Powell. 

JEWEL CAVE NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

Jewel Cave, which is located 13 miles west and south of Custer, 
the county seat of Custer County, S. Dak., was discovered on August 
18, 1900, by two prospectors, Albert and F. W. Michaud, whose 
attention was attracted by the noise of wind coming from a small 
hole in the limestone cliffs on the east side of Hell Canyon. In the 
hope of discovering some valuable mineral and the source of the 
wind, these men, in company with one Charles Bush, enlarged the 




38 



PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, ETC. 



opening. Jasper iind manganese are found in the cave, bnt to what 
extent is not definitely known. 

The prospectors have followed the main descending wind passage 
for a distance of 1^ miles, which point the explorers believe to be 



P"^^ NATIONAL MONUMENT BOUNDAF 
mu/ NATIONAL FOREST BOUNDARY 
. ».p o< &-.,»J <;,„,„ b, Wtlft.,,. i^, |,,„J., 
__^ I T44 & 1 T46S. I T-AA^ 

ABI20KIA" ~r Ba.w" ^TZ T-' ■■ - . -— 



'^1'' 1.21? ^ J I""^ J ""■»» 1 UTAH 




FI-4W. R.3W. R.2W. . fU W. Rl E! RZE. RSE. R4 E. R5 E. RSe. 

Fig. 25. — Grand Canyon National ^Monument, \vith)n Grand Can.von National Forest, Ariz. 

from 600 to 700 feet below the entrance, and have explored numerous 
side galleries and passages. However, the cave is far from being 
fully explored. 



PLATT AXD WIXD CAVE Is^ATIOISrAL PAEKS, ETC. 



39 



The cave, as far as known, is located in limestone formation and is 
apparently the result of action of water. A prominent geologist who 
visited this cave believes it to be an extinct geyser channel. The cave, 
as far as explored, consists of a series of chambers, connected by 
narrow passages with numerous side galleries, which increase in size 
as the distance from the entrance becomes greater. 

The explorers have been careful observers of the action of the 
wind within the cave. They have discovered that ordinarily the 
wind blows in and out of the cave for regular periods, the periods of 




f 



V^' 



/ 

/5ec. 34. 



Vv 



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*5ec. 35 




■Q 



^ 



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— ' Jasper Cav( 



Mouse 

■ 



\ \\ Jewel <^ave 



Sec. 3, 



\\ -Sec. 2 



L 



Fig. 



26. — Jewel Cave National Monument, within Black Hills National Forest, S. Dak.. 
Tps. 3 and 4 S., R. 2 E., Black Hills meridian. 



blowing in and out being 15 hours each, although they have known 
the periods to be of 72 hours' duration. Other wind passages have 
been discovered in the vicinitv of the cave. 



WHEELER NATIONAL MONUMENT, COLO. 

The lands embraced in this national monument are situated near 
the headwaters of the middle fork of Bellows Creek, a northern 
tributary of the Rio Grande del Norte, about 10 miles northeast of 



40 



PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS, ETC. 



Wagon AVlieel Gap, Colo., and 2 miles south of the crest of the 
Continental Divide. 

The tract lies on the southern slope of the ridge which forms the 
crest of the Continental Divide. It is traversed from north to 
south by numerous deep canyons with very precipitous sides, the 
intervening ridges' being capped by pinnacle-like rocks, making it 
practically impossible to cross the tract from east to west, even on 
foot. There are also many crevices cutting the ridges transversely, 
making an intricate network of ravines separated by broken pre- 
cipitous ledges and broken mesas. 



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Pig. 27. — Wheeler National Monument, within Cochotopa and Rio Grande National 
Forests, Colo., T. 42 N., R. 2 E., New Mexico principal meridian and base. 

It is probable that the formation found here is the result of a 
succession of outpourings of lava and showers of volcanic ash which 
have left a series of nearly horizontal strata of varying degrees of 
hardness. Numerous pebbles and breccia of a flint-like rock are im- 
bedded in the softer lavas which were probably gathered up by the 
flowing lava mud from the original bedrock. The formation is for 
the most part scoriaceous tufa and trachyte, Avith some rhyolite. 
The effect of erosion on this formation has been to cut it into sharply 
defined forms of many kinds. The harder broken rocks imbedded in 
the lavas have acted as veritable chisels, greatly accelerating erosive 



PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, ETC, 41 

action and making the lines and angles more sharply defined than 
would be the case in ordinary weathering. This erosion is still going 
on at a remarkably rapid rate, making the place very interesting 
from the geological point of view. 

The fantastic forms resulting from the rapid erosion make this 
spot one of exceptional beauty. The numerous winding canyons, 
broken ridges, pinnacles, and buttes form such striking and varied 
scenes that it will be much visited by tourists when it has been made 
accessible by the construction of roads and trails. 

From the most reliable data it is believed that the ill-fated expedi- 
tion of John C. Fremont, in 1848, reached this immediate vicinity^ 
ivhen disaster came upon the party, compelling it to turn back. 
Skeletons of mules, bits of harness, and camp equipage are found 
here, lending force to the recorded data. 

MOUNT OLYMPUS NATIONAL MONUMENT, WASH. 

This monument was set aside by Presidential proclamation of 
March 2, 1909, and contained approximately 008,640 acres. It was 
created for the purpose of preserving many objects of great and 
unusual scientific interest, embracing numerous glaciers, and the 
territory has also been for time immemorial the summer range and 
breeding ground of the Olympic elk, a species which is rapidly de- 
creasing in numbers. A bill was introduced in Congress on July 15, 
1911, providing for the setting aside as a national park the same 
tract of land as was set aside by proclamation of the President creat- 
ing the Mount Olympus National Monument. 

By Presidential proclamation of x\pril 17, 1912, certain lands have 
been eliminated from the original area embraced in the monument. 
This proclamation providing therefor is as follows : 

I, William H. Taft, President of tbe United States of America, by virtue of 
the power in me vested by section 2 of ttie act of Congress approved June 2. 
1906, entitled "An act for the preservsition of American antiquities," do hereby 
declare and proclaim that the south half of the southwest quarter of sectioii 
twenty-one, and the north half of the the northwest quarter of section twenty- 
eight, in township twenty-four north, range eight west, Willamette meridian. 
Washington, be. and the same are hereby, eliminated from the Mount Olympus 
National Monument. The provisions of the proclamation of March 2," 1909. 
shall remain in full force and effect as to all other lands thereby reserved as 
a national monument. 

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the 
United States to be afiixed. 

Done at the city of Washington this seventeenth day of April, in the 

[SEAL.] year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and twelve, and of the 

Independence of the United States the one hundred and thirty-sixth. 

OREGON CAVES NATIONAL MONUMENT, OREG. 

The Oregon Caves or " Marble Halls " of Josephine County, dis- 
covered in 1874, are located in the Siskiyou National Forest, about 30 
miles south of Grants Pass in Cave Mountain, a peak of the Grey- 
back Eange, that divides the headwaters of the Applegate and Illi- 
nois Eivers, and connects with the Siskiyou Mountains near the north 
line of California, 

Cave Mountain, the peak which contains these caves, rises to an 
elevation of about 6,000 feet, and is of limestone formation. The 



42 



PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS, ETC. 



main openings around which the national monument has been created 
are at an elevation of 4,000 feet, but the entire mountain side for 5 or 
C miles shows caverns of various sizes and in all probability through- 
out its interior is honeycombed like the portion that has been explored. 



1 

1 

1 


; I 
1 




1 


1 

1 fiiirJTZHEN 


1 

1 . 






1 


[ 4- 






~"t" 

1 
1 
1 

|M' M T.TOM 

_ _L 


1 
1 

|tg-, MT OLYMPU|S 






1 
1 

L 4 


1 

i 






1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
[- -- I- 


1 
1 
1 
1 
1 






1 
1 
1 
1 
1 


i 
1 
1 
1 
1 






1 
1 
1 

1 
1 

L J 


J 




- 


^-H 






1 




























T28 N 



T 27 N 



T 25N 



T 25N 



T 24N 



T 2 3 N 



T 22 N 



T 21 N. 



R.9W. R.8W. R.7W. R. 6 W R.5W. 

Fig. 28. — Mount Olympus National Monument, within Olympic National Forest, Wash. 

These caves are more of a series of galleries than of roomy caverns, 
though many beautiful rooms have been discovered, while miles of 
galleries have been visited; but there are thousands of passageways 
leading in all directions — partly closed by stalactites — that have never 



PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAKKS, ETC. 



been opened, and with the distant and unexplored openings on the 
opposite side of the mountain the magnitude of the Oregon Caves can 
be said to be practically unknown. 

Many small streams are found at different elevations, and larger 
bodies of running water can be heard in pits bottomless so far as 

^1 



NATIONAL MONUMENT BOUNDARY ,^ 




i/^.^ao^chi 




9£nf ranee i'o Caves 









^l//< 



Vsriafion /5*-fJ'£. 

Fig. 29. — Oregon Caves National Monument, within Siskiyou National Forest, Oreg. 

measured (by 300-foot line). This running water probably ac- 
counts for currents of wind that in some of the galleries blow so hard 
as to extinguish an open light at once. 

The lime deposits take many beautiful forms — massive pillars, 
delicate stalactites of alabaster whiteness with the crystal drop of 



44 



PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, ETC. 



water carrying its minute deposit of lime from which they are formed, 
and broad sheets resembling drapery with graceful curves and waves 
that were certainly made by varying currents of wind during 
forjnation. 

The Forest Service has rebuilt and improved the trails leading to 
the caves from each side of the divide in order to more easily pro- 
tect the valuable forest surrounding and to make the caves more 
accessible to tourists. 

DEVILS POSTPILE NATIONAL MONUMENT, CAL. 

The Devils Postpile consists of basaltic rocks laid down in the form 
of an immense pile of posts, and while there are similar formations in 



NATIONAL MONUMENT BOUNDARY 




In Uftsurrf/ed T4 S "M 26 £. 
Seginnino W Ce>r-n*r-A/o f, ffi tf- ^ - 

Thenec /V Zi}0 cAa'ns to Corner /Vo Z 
Thence E *0 cfmms ie Ccrner No J 
Thenee .5 2» chmni to Cirner A/c 4 
Thence If « <-*"'"S * <^<'"'" '^' '■ 

place tf tefinnmf, cenl'inm^ oflprcimale/y 

HOOAces 



Fig. l!0. — Devils I'ostpile National Mouument, Cal. 

difTerent parts of the country, this is especially prominent, being one 
of the most noted of its kind on the continent, and said to rank with 
the famous Giants Causeway on the coast of Antrim, in the north of 
Ireland. 

Below the postpile and above the jimction of King Creek and the 
middle fork of the San Joaquin Eiver is Rainbow Falls, similar to 
the Avell-known Vernal Falls of the Yosemite Valley, and one of the 
few of its kind on the continent. 



PLATT AND WIND CAM3 NATIONAL PARKS, ETC. 



45 



BIRD RESERVES. 

All of the bird reserves have been created through reference from 
the Interior Department to the President of forms of Executive orders 
providing therefor. These reserves are regarded as in all essential 
particulars reservations of public lands for public use or other pur- 
poses, for which there are numerous precedents. The first specific 
act of Congress providing for the protection of birds by bird reserves 
created by Executive order was introduced by Hon. John F. Lacy, of 
Iowa, and became a law on June 28, 1906. (34 Stat., 536.) This act 
made it unlawful to kill birds, to take their eggs, or to willfully dis- 
turb birds upon the reservations, and it provides a fine of not ex- 
ceeding $500, or imprisonment for not exceeding six months, or both 
fine and imprisonment, for each conviction secured. This law was 
substantially reenacted in the new penal code approved March 4, 
1909 (35 Stat., 1104), in the following language: 

Sec. 84. Wlioever shall hunt, capture, wilfully disturb, or kill any bird of any 
kind whatever, or take the eggs of any such bird, on any lands of the United 
States which have been set apart or reserved as breeding grouads for birds by 
any law, proclamatiou, or Executive order, except under such rules and regula- 
tions as the Secretary of Agriculture may from time to time prescribe, shall be 
fined not more than five hundred dollars, or imprisoned not more than six 
months, or both. 

The reservations now existing, which are being administered under 
the direction of the Biological Survey, Department of Agriculture, 
are 52 in number, as follows: 

Bird reserves created. 



Name of reservation. 



Date. 



Location. 



Area. 



Pelican Island. 
Breton Island. 



Stump Lake 

Huron Islands 

Siskiwit Islands 

Passage Key 

Indian Key 

Tern Islands 

Shell Keys 

Three Arch Rocks 

Flattery Rocks 

Quillayute Needles 

Copalis Rock 

East Timbalier Island. 

Mosquito Inlet 

Tortugas Keys 

Klamath Lake 

Key West 

Lake Malheur 

Chase Lake 

Pine Island 

Matlacha Pass 

Palma Sola 

Island Bay 

Loch Katrine 

Hawaiian Islands 

East Park 

Cold Springs 

Shoshone 

Pathfinder 

Bellefourche 

Strawberry Valley 

Salt River 

Deer Flat 

Minidoka 

Willow Creek 

Carlsbad 

Rio Grande 



Mar. 
/Oct. 
\Nov. 

Mar. 

Oct. 



14, 1903 

4. 1904 
11,1905 

9. 1905 
10, 1905 

....do 

do 

Feb. 10,1906 
Aug. 8, 1907 
Aug. 17,1907 
Oct. 14,1907 
Oct. 23,1907 

....do 

....do 

Dec. 7, 1907 
Feb. 24,1908 
Apr. 6, 1908 
Aug. 8, 1908 

....do 

Aug. 18,1908 
Aug. 28,1908 
Sept. 15,1908 
Sept. 20. 1908 

....do.. 

Oct. 23,1908 
Oct. 26,1908 
Feb. 3,1909 
Feb. 25,1909 
....do 



.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 



East Florida coast 

}-Southeast coast of Louisiana. 

North Dakota 

Lake Superior, Mich 

....do 

Tampa Bay, Fla 



.do. 



Mouths of Mississippi River, La. 

South Louisiana coast 

West Oregon coast 

West Washington coast 

do 

do 

South Louisiana coast 

East Florida coast 

Florida Keys, Fla. 

Oregon and California 

Florida Keys, Fla 

Oregon 

North Dakota 

West Florida coast 

do 

do 

Florida 

Wyoming 

Hawaii 

California 

Oregon 

Wyoming 

....do 

South Dakota 

Utah 

Arizona 

Idaho 

....do 

Montana , 

New Mexico 

....do..... 



5.50 acres. 

UnknowB. 

27.39 acres. 
Unlmown. 

Do. 
36.37 acres. 
90 acres. 
Unknown. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 



46 PLATT AXD WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, ETC. 

Bird reserves created — Continued. 



Name of reservation. 



Date. 



Location. 



Area. 



Keechelus Lake. 
Kachess Lake . . . 
Clealum Lake . . . 
Bumping Lake.. 

CoDConully , 

Bering Sea 

Pribilof 

Tuxedni , 

Farallon 

Culebra 

Yukon Delta 

St. Lazaria 

Bogoslof 

Clear Lake 



Feb. 25,1909 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Feb. 27,1909 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Mar. 2, lyOP 
Apr. 11,1911 



Washington. 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Alaska 

do 

do 

California . . . 
Porto Rico.. 

Alaska 

do 

do 

California... 



Unknown. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 



BIRD RESERVES ENLARGED, 




Jan. 26,. 1909 

Apr. 2,1909 


Florida 


Unknown. 




do 


Do. 









One new reserve for the protection of native wild birds was created 
during the year, to wit. the Clear Lake Reservation, in California, 
which was set aside by Executive order of April 11, 1911. A number 
of these reservations lie within tracts reserved or set aside for pur- 
poses other than the protection of birds, such as reclamation with- 
drawals and naval reserves, but in all such cases the administration 
of the bird reservation is made subject to the use of the reservation 
under the primary and more important segregation. 



o 



REPORT ON 

PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, 
SULLYS HILL PARK, CASA GRANDE RUIN, 
MUIR WOODS, PETRIFIED FOREST, AND 
OTHER NATIONAL MONUMENTS, INCLUD- 
ING LIST OF BIRD RESERVES 



1912 



COMPILED IN THE OFFICE OF 

THE SECRETARY OP THE INTERIOR 




WASHINGTON ; GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : l;;i; 



REPORT ON 

PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, 
SULLYS HILL PARK, CASA GRANDE RUIN, 
MUIR WOODS, PETRIFIED FOREST, AND 
OTHER NATIONAL MONUMENTS, INCLUD- 
ING LIST OF BIRD RESERVES 



1912 



COMPILED IN THE OFFICE OF 

THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR 

A 




WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1913 






D. OF D. 

mm 29 1913 



^- 



OOl^TEI^TS. 



Page. 

Piatt National Park 5 

Regulations of June 10, 1908 6 

Wind Cave National Park 8 

General Regulations of March 30, 1912 9 

Regulations of March 30, 1912, governing the impounding and disposi- 
tion of loose live stock 11 

Sullys Hill Park 12 

Casa Grande Ruin 13 

National monuments and preservation of American antiquities 15 

General statement 15 

Muir Woods National Monument 17 

Petrified Forest of Arizona 20 

Navajo National Monument 21 

Chaco Canyon National Monument 23 

Rainbow Bridge National Monument 25 

El Morro National Monument 25 

Lewis and Clark Cavern National Monument 26 

Tumacacori National Monument 29 

Montezuma Castle National Monument 29 

Natural Bridges National Monument 30 

Gran Quivira Natipnal Monument 31 

Mukuntuweap National Monument 33 

Shoshone Cavern National Monument 34 

Sitka National Monument 35 

Devils Tower National Monument 35 

Pinnacles National Monument 36 

Colorado National Monument .- 37 

Cinder Cone National Monument 38 

Lassen Peak National Monument 39 

Gila Cliff-Dwellings National Monument 39 

Tonto National Monument 40 

Grand Canyon National Monument 40 

Jewel Cave National Monument ^_ 42 

Wheeler National Monument ' . 43 

Mount Olympus National Monument 44 

Oregon Caves National Monument 45 

Devils Postpile National Monument 48 

Bird Reserves 48 

3 



ILLUSTEATIOl^S. 



Page. 

Map of Wiud CaA-e National Park, South Dalvota___^ 8 

Fig. 1. Sullys Hill Park, North Dakota 12 

2. Casa Grande Ruin Reservation, Arizona 14 

3. Muir Woods National Monument. California IS 

4. Petrified Forest National Monument, Arizona 21 

5. Navajo National Monmnent, Arizona 22 

6. Navajo National Monument. Arizona (as amended by proclama- 

tion Mar. 14, 1932) _• 23 

T. Chaco Snnyon National Monument, New Mexico 24 

S. Rainbow Bridge National Monument, Utah 24 

9. El Morro National Monument, New Mexico 26 

10. Lewis and Clark Cavern National Monument, Montana 27 

11. Tumacacori National Monument, Arizona 28 

12. Montezuma Castle National Monument Arizona 29 

13. Natural P.ridges National Monument, Utah 30 

14. Gran Quivira National Monument, New Mexico 31 

1.5. Mukuntuweap National Monument, Utah 32 

16. Shoshone Cavern National Monument. Wyoming 33 

17. Sitka National Monument, Alaska 34 

18. Devils Tower National Monument, Wyoming 35 

19. Pinnacles National Monument, California 36 

20. Colorado National Monument, Colorado 37 

21. Cinder Cone National Monument, California 38 

22. Lassen Peak National Monument. California 38 

23. Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument, New Mexico 39 

24. Tonto National Monument, Arizona 40 

25. Grand Canyon National Monument, Arizona 41 

26. Jewel Cave National Monument. South Dakota 42 

27. Wheeler National Monument, Colorado 43 

28. Mount Olympus National Monument, Washington 45 

29. Oregon Caves National Monument. Oregon 46 

30. Devils Postpile National Monument, California 47 

4 



REPORT ON PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS 
SULLYS HILL PARK, CASA GRANDE RUIN, MUIR WOODS, 
PETRIFIED FOREST, AND OTHER NATIONAL MONUMENTS, 
TOGETHER WITH LIST OF BIRD RESERVES. 



PLATT NATIONAL PARK. 

By the acts of Congress of July 1, 1902 (32 Stat., 641), and April 
21, 1904 (33 Stat., 220), 629.33 and 218.89 acres, respectively, at the 
town of Sulphur, Okla. (then Ind. Ter.), were segregated as the 
" Sulphur Springs Reservation," which designation, by joint resolu- 
tion approved June 29^ 1906, was changed to " Piatt National Park." 

The park, with a total area of 848.22 acres, extends in irregular 
form a distance of approximately 3 miles from northeast to southwest 
along Travertine Creek, including a portion of Rock Creek, which 
empties into the former, and it has a circuit of 9 miles. 

Within the park are 33 known mineral and 2 nonmineral springs. 
The principal groups are the Bromide and Bromide- Sulphur Springs 
in the southwestern part of the park, Beach and Pavilion Springs in 
the northwestern corner, and the Wilson group in the southern part. 
Sulphur springs predominate, but there are also bromide, soda, and 
iron varieties. The Antelope and Buffalo Springs, nonmineral in 
character, are situated at the extreme northeastern end of the park 
with an elevation of 1,083 feet above sea level and an approximate 
discharge of 5,000,000 gallons daily into Travertine Creek. 

The appropriation for the care and maintenance of the park for 
the fiscal year 1912 was increased by Congress to $10,000, as against 
the appropriation of $5,000 for the preceding year. The superin- 
tendent of the park has accordingly been enabled to make numerous 
improvements. The more important springs have been walled with 
a view to confining their flow, new cement approaches have been 
installed, and necessary repairs made to pavilions. The roads in the 
park have been greatly improved by grading, graveling, and installa- 
tion of culverts, drains, and retaining walls. Cement sidewalk to the 
extent of 4,466 square feet has been laid, and cement stairway built 
upon the slope near Bromide Spring. Extensive repairs have been 
made to the park bridges and much new fencing built. Repairs have 
also been made to the buildings in the park, and with exception of 
the building used for administrative purposes they are in a generally 
satisfactory condition. A new barn has been constructed in the park, 
farming machinery bought, and a team of mules purchased, ample 
forage for which is grown in the park. Sixty young trees have been 

planted. 

5 



6 REPORT ON PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS^ ETC. 

One permit for transportation of passengers in and throuoh the 
park, using a two-seated vehicle, was issued, as were several other 
permits for sale of water, license fees being exacted in each case. 
The total receipts from all sources during the year were $165.50. 

Seven hundred and thirty-four campers made use of camping 
grounds in the park for more than three days. The park records 
show that 89,371 persons visited Bromide Springs during the year. 
Many of these were residents of Sulphur and were counted each"^time 
they visited the springs. From the best information obtainable, 
however, the actual number of individuals who visited the park, 
inclusive of residents of Sulphur, was about 31,000. 

Two thousand head of cattle were driven through the park^ in 
changing them from one pasture to another, or forgetting them to 
available watering places, or for shipment to market. 

In the act making appropriation for the current and contingent 
expenses of the Bureau of Indian Affairs approved August 24, 1912, 
provision was made as follows: 

For the coustriiction of a sanitary sewer system in Piatt National Park, Okla., 
to be expended under tlie direction of the Secretary of the Interior, seventeen 
thousand five hundred dollars : Provided, That the said sum shall be available 
whenever a like amount is appropriated and made available by the town of 
Sulphur, Okla., for the same purposes : Provided further. That whenever said 
appropriation is made by the town' of Sulphur, Okla., the entire amount, or so 
much thereof as may be necessary, of the total appropriation made by this act 
and the town of Sulphur, Okla., shall be expended under the direction of the 
Secretary of the Interior. 

The matter was brought to the attention of the municipal authori- 
ties of Sulphur, and thereafter an issue of bonds was authorized by 
the town with a view to procuring the funds necessary to aid in the 
construction of the server. The above-mentioned amount having been 
deposited with the department, an inspector was thereupon detailed 
to make examination of the park with a view to installation of the 
sewer provided for by the act if found practicable with the money 
available for the purpose. 

REGULATIONS OF JUNE 10, 1908. 

Pursuant to the authority conferred by the acts of Congress ap- 
proved Julv 1, 1902 (32 Stat., 656), April 21, 1904 (33 Stat., 220), 
and the Oklahoma statehood act of June 16, 1906 (34 Stat., 272), 
the following rules and regulations for the government of the Piatt 
National Park (formerly Sulphur Springs Reservation), in Okla- 
homa, are hereby established and made public: 

1. It is forbidden to injure in any manner any of the springs, min- 
eral deposits, or natural features within the park. 

2. It is forbidden to cut or injure any timber or plants growing 
on the park lands, or to deface or injure any Government property. 

3. No camping shall be permitted within 1,000 feet of any spring, 
nor upon any land except such as may be specifically designated for 
that purpose by the superintendent. Fires shall not be lighted except 
by the express permission of the superintendent; when so allowed, 
campers shall use only dead or fallen timber for fuel, and the utmost 
care must be exercised at all times to avoid setting fire to the timber 
and grass. 



EEPOET ON PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS. ETC. 7 

4. It is forbidden for any person to deposit garbage or refuse upon 
the park lands, except at places designated for that purposes by the 
superintendent, or to contaminate any of the springs or streams 
therein, or to divert or conduct the waters of such springs or streams 
from the natural or regular course. 

5. No person shall remove from any of the bromide, iron, or soda 
springs more than 1 gallon of water in any one day, nor remove 
from any of the other springs more than 5 gallons in any one day, 
nor shall any water be taken therefrom for commercial purposes, 
except in pursuance of a license issued by the Secretary of the In- 
terior. Whenever in his judgment the circumstances warrant, the 
superintendent may prohibit the use of the waters of any of the 
springs in the park other than for immediate drinking purposes at 
such springs, the facts in such case to be reported to the Secretary of 
the Interior. 

6. Hunting or killing, wounding or capturing any bird or wild 
animal on the park lands, except dangerous animals when necessary 
to prevent them from destroying life or inflicting an injury, is pro- 
hibited. The outfits, including guns, traps, teams, horses, or means 
of transportation used by persons engaged in hunting, killing, trap- 
ping, ensnaring, or capturing such birds or wild animals, or in pos- 
session of game killed on the park lands under other circumstances 
than prescribed above, will be taken up by the superintendent and 
held subject to the order of the Secretary of the Interior, except in 
cases where it is shown by satisfactory evidence that the outfit is not 
the property of the person or persons violating this regulation and 
the actual owner thereof was not a party to such violation. Fire- 
arms will only be permitted in the park on written permission from 
the superintendent thereof. 

7. Fishing with nets, seines, traps, or by the use of drugs or explo- 
sives, or in any other way than with hook and line, is prohibited. 
Fishing for purposes of merchandise or profit is forbidden. Fishing 
may be prohibited by order of the superintendent in any of the 
waters of the park, or limited therein to any specified season of the 
year, until otherwise ordered by the Secretary of the Interior. 

8. No person will be permitted to reside permanently, engage in 
any business, or erect buildings or other improvements in the park, 
without permission, in writing, from the Secretary of the Interior. 

9. The herding, grazing, or otherwise trespassing of cattle or loose 
stock of any kind within the park is strictly forbidden. Stock or cat- 
tle may be driven across the park, but must be confined to the roads 
and kept in motion under competent care while in the reservation. 

10. No vehicles will be permitted to travel through the park except 
upon the roads designated for such traffic by the superintendent, and 
driving or riding over roads or bridges at a high rate of speed is pro- 
hibited. 

11. Private notices or advertisements shall not be posted or dis- 
played within the park, except such as may be necessary for the con- 
venience and guidance of the public. 

12. The sale of intoxicating liquors in the park is strictly for- 
bidden. 

13. No gambling or game of chance shall be permitted within the 
limits of the park; nor shall any person use profane or obscene Ian- 



8 REPOKT ON PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS, ETC. 

giiage, commit or maintain a nuisance, or be guilty of disorderly con- 
duct or any act involving immorality therein. 

14. Persons Avho render themselves obnoxious by disorderly con- 
duct or bacl behavior, or who violate any of the foregoing rules, will 
be summarily removed from the park and will not be allowed to re- 
turn without permission, in writing, from the Secretary of the In- 
terior or the superintendent of the park. 

No lessee or licensee shall retain in his employ any person whose 
presence in the park shall be deemed and declared by the superin- 
tendent to be subversive of the good order and management of the 
reservation. 

15. Any person who violates any of the foregoing regulations will 
be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and be subjected to a fine, as 
provided by the act of April 21, 1904, of not less than $5 nor more 
than $100 and may be imprisoned for a term of not more than six 
months for each offense. 

WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARK. 

The act of Congress approved January 9, 1903 (32 Stat.. 765), 
reserved a tract of land containing 10,522 acres in the State of South 
Dakota, 12 miles east of the town of Hot Springs and about the same 
distance southeast of Custer, as a public park, to be known as the 
Wind Cave National Park. 

With the consent of the Attorney General, Mr. Seth Bullock, mar- 
shal for the district of South Dakota, has been continued in general 
charge of the reservation in an advisory capacity, and the superin- 
tendent confers with him in regard to the administration thereof. 
The course pursued has aided in the effective management of the park 
during the park season. The present superintendent, A. C. Poland, 
was appointed May 1, 1911, succeeding R. J. Pilcher, who resigTied 
on that date. 

At the time of the creation of the park there were 10 entries cover- 
ing lands within the park, aggregating 1,519.15 acres. Since that 
date the Government has secured title to all of the lands within the 
park except the NE. i NW. i and NW. i NE. i sec. 35, T. 5 S., R. 5 
E., Black Hills meridian. Jonathan C. West patented December 31, 
1904, 80 acres, which is now owned by W. A. Rankin, formerly a 
superintendent of the park. For administrative reasons it is desir- 
able that this private holding be eliminated from the park, and it is 
recommended that adequate appropriation be made by Congress for 
the purpose. 

During the past year 3,199 tourists entered the park, of whom 2,410 
came in licensed vehicles and the remainder in private conveyances. 
There were 86 campers in the reservation during the season. No 
stock was driven through the park. 

Eight permits were granted for transportation of passengers 
through the park, at the rate of $50 per vehicle, seven of which were 
for use of automobiles and one by wagon. The roads in the park are 
in good condition, but there is need of constant repair work, espe- 
cially^ after rains. Three new bridges were built during the year; 
the Wind Cave Hill was graded and made wide enough to permit two 
hacks or automobiles to pass at any point ; ditches were dug on both 



WIND CA\^ NATIONAL PARR 

Embracing Sections 34, 35 and 36, T. 5 5.. R. 5 ; 
Sections 1.2.3, EL of4, E'^ofS. and See's 10,1 1, 12,13. 14, l5,Ei 
of I6.T.6 5..R,5, Section 31, T. 5 5., R.6; Sections 6 
and 7 T.6 5., R.6. 
All Easfof BLACK HILLS MERIDIAN 

SOUTH DAKOTA 

Containing 10,522. 17 acres. 




45S.-.4-U. (To Lice r^ige 



EEPOET ON PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS, ETC. 9 

sides of the road to carry away water; and culverts were put in 
where needed. The driveway at the superintendent's house was also 
widened. Gravel and stones on the north side of the house were 
removed and grass seed sown. Several trees were also planted. The 
water tank was repaired and a fence built around it. 

One fire occurred in the park, but it was extinguished before much 
damage was done. 

Within the cave considerable repair work has been done on bridges, 
stairs, and paths. Two new bridges were built and eight ncAv stair- 
ways. 

A national game preserve has been established in the Wind Cave 
National Park under the provisions of "An act making appropria- 
tions for the Department of Agriculture for the fiscal year ending 
June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and thirteen," approved August 10, 
1912 (37 Stat, 293), as follows: 

For the establishment of a national game preserve, to be known as the Wind 
Cave National Game Preserve, npon the land embraced within the boundaries 
of the Wind Cave National Park, in the State of South Dakota, for a permanent 
national range for a herd of buffalo to be presented to the United States by the 
American Bison Society, and for such other native American game animals as 
may be placed therein. The Secretarj^ of Agriculture is authorized to acquire 
by purchase or condemnation such adjacent lands as may be necessary for the 
purpose of assuring an adequate, permanent water supply and to inclose the 
said game preserve with a good and substantial fence and to erect thereon all 
necessary sheds and buildings for the proper care and maintenance of the. said 
animals, twenty-six thousand dollars, to be available until expended. 

It is understood that steps are now being taken by the Secretary of 
Agriculture to acquire the necessary lands. 

GENERAL REGULATIONS OF MARCH 30, 1912. 

Pursuant to authority conferred by the act of Congress approved 
January 9, 1903, the following rules and regulations for the govern- 
ment of the Wind Cave National Park, in South Dakota, are hereby 
established and made public: 

1. It is forbidden to remove or injure the specimens or formations 
in and around the Wind Cave, or to deface the same by written in- 
scription or otherwise, or to injure or disturb in any manner or carry 
off any of the mineral deposits, specimens, natural curiosities, or 
wonders on the Government lands within the park. 

2. No person shall be permitted to enter the cave unless accom- 
panied by the superintendent or other park employee, or by compe- 
tent guides. 

3. It is forbidden to cut or injure any timber growing on the park 
lands, or to deface or injure any Government property. Camping 
parties will be allowed to use dead or fallen timber for fuel. 

4. Fires should be lighted only when necessary and completely 
extinguished when no longer required. The utmost care must be 
exercised at all times to avoid setting fire to the timber and grass. 

5. Hunting or killing, wounding or capturing any bird or wild 
animal on the park lands, except dangerous animals when necessary 
to prevent them from destroying life or inflicting an injury, is pro- 
hibited. The outfits, including guns, traps, teams, horses, or means 
of transportation used by persons engaged in hunting, killing, trap- 
ping, ensnaring, or capturing such birds or wild animals, or in pos- 

79108—13 2 



10 EEPOET ON PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS, ETC. 

session of game killed on the park lands under other circumstances 
than prescribed above, will be taken up by the superintendent and 
held subject to the order of the Secretary of the Interior, except in 
cases where it is shown by satisfactory evidence that the outfit is 
not the property of the person or persons violating this regulation 
and the actual owner thereof was not a party to such violation. 
Firearms will only be permitted in the park on written permission 
from the superintendent thereof. 

6. Fishing in any other way than with hook and line is forbidden, 
and may be prohibited by order of the superintendent in any of the 
waters of the park, or limited therein to any specified season of the 
year, until otherwise ordered by the Secretary of the Interior, Fish- 
ing for purposes of merchandise or profit is forbidden. All fish less 
than 8 inches in length should at once be returned to the water with 
the least damage possible to the fish. Fish that are to be retained 
must be at once killed by a blow on the back of the head or by thrust- 
ing a knife or other sharp instrument into the head. 

7. No^ person will be permitted to reside permanently, engage in 
any business, or erect buildings, etc., upon the Government lands in 
the park, without permission, in writing, from the Secretary of the 
Interior. The superintendent may grant authoritj^ to competent 
persons to act as guides and revoke the same in his discretion. No 
pack trains will be allowed in the park unless in charge of a duly 
registered guide. 

8. Owners of patented lands within the park limits are entitled to 
the full use and enjoyment thereof; the boundaries of such lands, 
however, must be determined, and marked and defined, so that they 
may be readily distinguished from the park lands. While no limi- 
tations or conditions are imposed upon the use of such private lands 
so long as such use does not interfere with or injure the park, private 
owners must provide against trespass by their stock or cattle, or 
otherwise, upon the park lands, and all trespasses committed will be 
punished to the full extent of the law. Stock may be taken over the 
park lands to patented private lands with the written permission and 
under the supervision of the superintendent, but such permission and 
supervision are not required when access to such private lands is had 
wholly over roads or lands not owned or controlled by the United 
States. 

9. Allowing the running at large, herding, or grazing of cattle or 
stock of any kind on the Government lands in the park, as well as 
the driving of such stock or cattle over same, is strictly forbidden, 
except where authority therefor has been granted by the superin- 
tendent. All cattle or stock found trespassing on the park lands will 
be impounded and disposed of as directed in regulations approved 
March 30, 1912. 

10. No drinking saloon or barroom will be permitted upon Gov- 
ernment lands in the park. 

11. Private notices or advertisements shall not be posted or dis- 
played on the Government lands within the reservation, except such 
as may be necessary for the convenience and guidance of the public. 

12. Persons who render themselves obnoxious by disorderly con- 
duct or bad behavior, or who violate any of the foregoing rules, will 
be summarily removed from the park and will not be allowed to re- 



REPOET ON" PLATT Ai!^D WIND CAVE NATIOjSTAL PAEKS, ETC. 11 

turn without permission, in writing, from the Secretary of the In- 
terior or the superintendent of the park. 

No lessee or licensee shall retain in his employ any person whose 
presence in the park shall be deemed and declared by the superin- 
tendent to be subversive of the good order and management of the 
reservation. 

13. Any person who violates any of the foregoing regulations will 
be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction, be fined 
not more than $1,000, or be imprisoned not more than 12 months, or 
both, in the discretion of the court, as provided by the act creating 
the park. 

14. The superintendent designated by the Secretary is hereby 
authorized and directed to remove all trespassers from the Govern- 
ment lands in the park and enforce these rules and regulations and 
all the provisions of the act of Congress aforesaid. 

REGULATIONS OF MARCH 30, 1912, GOVERNING THE IMPOUNDING 
AND DISPOSITION OF LOOSE LIVE STOCK. 

Horses, cattle, or other domestic live stock running at large or 
being herded or grazed on Government lands in the Wind Cave Na- 
tional Park without authority therefor, will be taken up and im- 
pounded by the superintendent, who will at once give notice thereof 
to the owner, if known. If the owner is not known, notice of such 
impounding, giving a description of the animal or animals, with the 
brands thereon, will be posted in six public places inside the park 
and in two public places outside the park. Any owner of an animal 
thus impounded may, at any time before the sale thereof, reclaim the 
same upon proving ownership and paying the cost of notice and all 
expenses incident to the taking up and detention of such animal, in- 
cluding the cost of feeding and caring for the same. If any animal 
thus impounded shall not be reclaimed within 30 days from notice 
to the owner or from the date of posting notices, it shall be sold at 
public auction at such time and place as may be fixed by the superin- 
tendent after 10 days' notice, to be given by posting notices in six 
public places in the park and two public places outside the park, and 
by mailing to the owner, if known, a copy thereof. 

All money received from the sale of such animals and remaining 
after the payment of all expenses incident to the taking up, im- 
pounding, and selling thereof, shall be carefully retained by the 
superintendent in a separate fund for a period of six months, during 
which time the net proceeds from the sale of any animal may be 
claimed by and paid to the owner upon the presentation of satisfac- 
tory proof of ownership, and if not so claimed within six months 
from the date of sale such proceeds shall be turned into the Wind 
Cave National Park fund. 

The superintendent shall keep a record in which shall be set down 
a description of all animals impounded, giving the brands found on 
them, the date and locality of the taking up, the date of all notices 
and manner in which they were given, the date of sale, the name and 
address of the purchaser, the amount for which each animal was sold 
and the cost incurred in connection therewith, and the disposition of 
the proceeds. 



12 KEPOKT ON PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS, ETC. 

The superintendent will, in each instance, make every reasonable 
effort to ascertain the owner of animals impounded and to give 
actual notice thereof to such owner. 

SULLYS HILL PARK 

This reservation, set aside by Executive proclamation dated June 
2, 1904, under the act approved April 27, 1904 (33 Stat., 319), con- 



PLAT 

Showirvo 

Within Devils Lake Indian Reservation 
NORTH DAKOTA 

Reserved for Park purposes by Presidents Proclamation dated 
June 27, 1904 
Under the Act of April 27,1904 
ScaIe-20 Chains- 1 incfi 




Township No. 152 North, Ran§e No. 65 West. 
Fig. 1. — Map of Sallys Hill Park. 

tains about 780 acres. It is located on the south shore of Devils 
Lake, N. Dak., having about 2 miles of shore line, with its western 
boundary 1 mile east of the Fort Totten Indian School. Inasmuch 
as no appropriation has been made for the care and protection of this 



EEPOET ON PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAI, PAKKS, ETC. 13 

reservation, Mr. Charles M. Ziebach, in charge of the Indian indus- 
trial school (Fort Totten), has been continued as acting superin- 
tendent, and required to exercise the necessary supervision and con- 
trol over the same until appropriation is made therefor by Congress, 
The tract is well wooded and has an ample supply of water and 
many rugged hills, among which, on the western boundary, lies what 
is known as Sullys Hill. In the southwestern part is a small body 
of water known as Sweet Water Lake, west of which the surface is 
generally level and the soil good. The acting superintendent in his 
report for 1911 states : 

The park is practically in the same couditiou as when I assumed charge of 
same in 1906, excepting that the continuous rains during the past season have 
placed the roads in nearly an impassable condition. On account of the road 
conditions very few persons visited the park during the past season and not to 
exceed 25 camped within the park boundaries for three days or more. A 
large number of people from Devils Lake and the surrounding country visited 
the park for a few hours, landing on Sullys Beach in rowboats, the trips being 
made by launch from the Chautauqua grounds. No stock was transported 
through the reservation. As no appropriation has ever been made for this 
park, no buildings constructed or improvements made of any kind, the park is 
looked upon as merely a deserted bit of wilderness and no interest will be taken 
until an appropriation is available and improvements made and roads built 
to enable the public to visit the park. Sullys Hill Park can not even boast of 
having an American flag within its borders, and this fact alone has a tendency 
to show a lack of interest by residents of the State at large. 

If this park is to be continued under the supervision of the Secretary of the 
Interior, it is desirable that funds be provided for its protection and improve- 
ment, and an estimate in the sum of $2,500 has accordingly been submitted to 
Congress for such purpose. 

CASA GRANDE RUIN. 

This reservation is located near Florence, Ariz., about 18 miles 
northeast of Casa Grande station, on the Southern Pacific Eailroad, 
and contains about 480 acres. It was set aside by Executive order 
dated June 22, 1892, under the act approved March 2, 1889 (25 Stat., 
961). By presidential proclamation of December 10, 1909, the 
boundaries of the reservation were changed by the elimination of 
120 acres on which there were no prehistoric ruins and the inclusion 
of a tract of 120 acres adjoining the reservation on the east, on which 
are located important mounds of historic and scientific interest. 

Casa Grande is an Indian ruin of undetermined antiquity, which 
was discovered in 1694 by Padre Kino, a Jesuit missionary. This 
great house is said to be the most important ruin of its type in the 
Southwest, and as such it has strong claims for archaeological study, 
repair, and permanent preservation. It is built of puddled clay 
molded into walls and dried in the sun, and is of perishable char- 
acter. The main building was originally five or six stories high and 
covered a space 59 feet by 43 feet 3 inches. The walls have been 
gradually disintegrating, owing to the action of the elements. A 
corrugated iron roof has heretofore been erected over this building 
to protect it, so far as practicable, from further decay. 

Surrounding Casa Grande proper is a rectangular walled inclosure 
or " compound," having an area of about 2 acres. In this inclosure, 
Mdiich has been called Compound A, excavations conducted under 
the Bureau of American Ethnology have resulted in the uncovering 
of a number of buildings or clusters of rooms, and others are known 



14 KEPORT OlSr PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIOISrAL PAEKS, ETC. 



to exist, but have not been excavated. Two other compounds were 
discovered and designated, respective!}^, Compound B and Com- 
pound C, but the latter has not been excavated, and is still in the 
form of a mound. These three compounds together constitute what 
is known as the Casa Grande group of ruins. As a result of this 
work, conducted under the Bureau of American Ethnology, the 
points of interest to visitors have been materially augmented. The 
ground plan of the ruin was increased by some .58 rooms, a number 
of plazas and surrounding walls, making the total number of rooms 
now open on the ground floor 100. 

y//////////y^ Reservaf/onbounc/ary 



p 

i CASA G 

! 



SeC'. 



i 












^ RESERVATI 

^////////////////A 






ON 



Fig. 2. — Casa Grande Ruin Reservation, Ariz., embracing the NW. \, the NE. i. the N. \ 
of the SW. I, and the N. i of the SB. \ of sec. 1(>. T. 5 S., R. 8 E., Gila and Salt River 
meridian ; set aside by executive order of .June 22, 1892, under act of March 2, 1889. 

Mr. Frank Pinkley, the custodian, who resides on the reservation, 
reports that the number of visitors during the year w^as fully up to 
the average and the usual interest seems to be shown by persons from 
the various parts of the United States in the ruin. He calls atten- 
tion to the need of literature in relation to the ruin for distribution 
among visitors as a means^of greatly increasing the interest of the 
public in the reservation, and recommends that provision be made 
for painting the roof and supports which protect the ruin, for 



EEPOET OlSr PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS^ ETC. 15 

repairing the well, and for the supplying of suitable mechanical 
means for lifting water therefrom for the convenience of visitors, 
estimating the cost of these improvements at $300. 

NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND PRESERVATION OF 
AMERICAN ANTIQUITIES. 

GENERAL STATEMENT. 

By an act approved June 8, 1906, entitled "An act for the preserva- 
tion of American antiquities," the President of the United States is 
authorized, " in his discretion, to declare by public proclamation his- 
toric landmarks, historic and prehistoric structures, and other objects 
of historic or scientific interest that are situated upon the lands owned 
or controlled by the Government of the United States to be national 
monuments." Under such authority the President has created the 
following monuments : 

National monuments administered dy Interior Department. 



Name. 



State. 



Date. 



Area. 



Devils Tower 

Montezuma Castle 

El Morro 

Chaco Canyon 

Muir Woods 2 

Pinnacles 

Tumacacori 

Mukuntuweap 

Shoshone Cavern 

Natural bridges 3 

Gran Quivira •. . 

Sitka 

Rainbow Bridge'' 

Lewis and Clark Cavern . 

Colorado 

Petrified forest 

Navajo 6 



Wyoming 

Arizona , 

New Mexico . 

do 

California 

do 

Arizona 

Utah 

Wyoming... 

Utah 

New Mexico . 

Alaska 

Utah 

Montana 

Colorado 

Arizona 

do 



Sept. 24, 1906 
Dec. 8, 1906 

do 

Mar. 11,1907 
Jan. 9, 1908 
Jan. 16,1908 
Sept. 15, 1908 
July 31,1909 
Sept. 21,1909 
Sept.25, 1909 
Nov. 1,1909 
Mar. 23,1910 
May 30,1910 
May 16,1911 
May 24,1911 
July 31,1911 
Mar. 14,1912 



Acres. 

1,152 

160 

160 

120,629 

295 

2,080 

10 

1 15, 840 

210 

1 2, 740 

1160 

167 

160 

160 

13,883 

25, 625 

2 360 



1 Estimated area. 

2 Donated to the United States. 

3 Originally set aside by proclamation of Apr. 16, 1908, and contained only 120 acres. 
i Within an Indian reservation. 

^ Based on 15 known ruins with a reserved area of 40 acres surrounding each ruin. Exterior limits of 
tract specified in proclamation contain 918,310 acres. 

The following regulations for the protection of national monu- 
ments were promulgated on November 19, 1910 : 

1. Fires are absolutely prohibited. 

2. No firearms are allowed. 

3. No fishing permitted. 

4. Flowers, ferns, or shrubs must not be picked, nor may any 
damage be done to the trees. 

5. Vehicles and horses may be left only at the places designated 
for this purpose. 

6. Lunches may be eaten only at the spots marked out for such 
use, and all refuse and litter must be placed in the receptacles pro- 
vided. 

7. Pollution of the water in any manner is prohibited; it must 
be kept clean enough for drinking purposes. 

8. No drinking saloon or barroom will be permitted. 



16 KEPORT ON" PLATT AND WIND CAVE ISTATIONAL PARKS, ETC. 

9. Persons renderinji' themselves obnoxious by disorderly conduct 
or bad behavior, or who may violate any of the foregoing rules, will 
be summarily removed. 

Names and addresses of officers having supervision of national monuments. 

F. C. Dezendorf, new eustonilionse biiildiug. San Francisco, Cal. : 

Muir Woods National Monument, Cal. 

Pinnacles National Monument, Cal. 
Gratz W. Helm, Federal building, Los Angeles, Cal. : 

Montezuma Castle National Monument, Ariz. 

Petrified Forest National Monument, Ariz. 

Tumacacori National Monument, Ariz. 

Navajo National Monument, Ariz. 
George E. Hair, Federal building, Salt Lake City, Utah : 

Mukuntuweap National Monument, Utah. 

Natural Bridges National Monument, Utah. 

Rainbow Bridge National Monument, Utah. 
Leroy O. Moore, Santa Fe, N. Mex. : 

El Morro National Monument, N. Mex. 

Chaco Canyon National Monument, N. Mex. 

Gran Quivira National Monument, N. Mex. 
Ira Lantz, Helena, Mont., Lewis and Clark Cavern National Monument, Mont. 
Adelbert Baker, Cheyenne, Wyo. : 

Devils Tower National Monument, Wyo. 

Shoshone Cavern National Monument, Wyo. 
A. Christensen, special agent in charge field service, Alaska (219 Federal 
building, Seattle, Wash.), Sitka National Monument, Alaska. 

The Navajo National Monument as originally created by procla- 
mation of March 20, 1909, embraced approximately 600 acres within 
the Navajo Indian Reservation, which was reserved tentatively and 
with a view to reduction to such small tract or tracts as might there- 
after be found to contain valuable prehistoric pueblo or cliff dwell- 
ings, when the extent of the same could be determined by an exami- 
nation on the ground and their locus definitely fixed by traverse 
lines connecting them with some corner of the public survey. Both 
of these conditions having been fulfilled, the monument was reduced 
by proclamation dated March 14, 1912, to three small tracts aggre- 
gating 360 acres. Within two of these tracts are located, respec- 
tively, two interesting and extensive pueblo or cliff-dwelling ruins 
in a good state of preservation and known as " Betata Kin " and 
" Keet Seel," and a third cliff-dwelling ruin called " Inscription 
House," located on Navajo Creek. "Inscription House" is regarded 
as extraordinary, not only because of its good state of preservation 
but because of the fact that upon the walls of its rooms were found 
inscriptions written in Spanish by early explorers and plainly 
dated 1661. 

The Mount Olympus (Wash.) National Monument was set aside 
by proclamation dated March 2, 1909, and contains approximately 
608,640 acres. It was reduced by proclamation dated. April 17, 1912, 
to 608,480 acres, in order to permit certain claimants to land therein 
to secure title to the land. 

The supervision of these various monuments has, in the absence of 
any specific appropriation for their protection and improvement, 
necessarily been intrusted to the field officers of the department 
having charge of the territory in which the several monuments are 
located. This supervision in many instances is necessarily limited, 
and considerable difficulty has been experienced in protecting the 
monuments from vandalism, unauthorized exploration, and spolia- 



EEPOET ON PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, ETC. 17 

tion. An estimate for an appropriation of $5,000 has been sub- 
mitted to Congress for the protection and improvement of these 
reservations. Only such monuments as in the judgment of the 
Secretary of the Interior are subject to depredations by vandals and 
unauthorized collectors should be provided with a custodian or 
superintendent and then only when such danger really exists. In 
this way a small general appropriation can be made available and 
adequate for the whole field. 

National monuments administered by the Department of AgricuUure. 



State. 



Date. 



Area. 



Cinder Cone 

Lassen Peak 

Gila Cliff dwelling 

Tonto 

Grand Canyon 

Jewel Cave 

Wheeler 

Oregon Caves 

Devil's Postpile . . 
Mount Olympus.. 



California 

do 

New Mexico. . 

Arizona 

do 

South Dakota. 

Colorado 

Oregon 

California 

Washington... 



May 6, 1907 

do 

Nov. 16,1907 
19,1907 
11,1908 
7,1908 
7, 1908 
12, 1909 
e,1911 



Dec. 
Jan. 
Feb. 
Dec. 
July 
July 



Apr. 17,1912 



Acres. 

15,120 

11,280 

160 

1640 

1 806, 400 

11,280 

300 

480 

800 

1 608, 480 



1 Estimated area. 



National monument administered iy the War Department. 



Name. 


State. 


Date. 


Area. 


Big Hole Battle Field 


Montana 


June 23,19101 


Acres. 

5 









' Set aside by Executive order. 

The uniform rules and regulations promulgated by the Secretaries 
of the Interior. Agriculture, and War, under date of December 28, 
1906, to carry into effect the general provisions of the act for the 
preservation of American antiquities provides (par. 3) that^ 

Permits for the excavations of ruins, tlie excavation of archeological sites, and 
the gathering of objects of antiquity will be granted, by the respective Secre- 
taries having jurisdiction, to reputable museums, universities, colleges, or other 
recognized scientific or educational institutions, or to their duly authorized 
agents. 

On June 26, 1912, a permit was granted by the department to Prof. 
Byron Cummings, of the University of Utah, to make examinations 
and excavations within the Navajo National Monument, and in the 
Navajo and Pahute Indian Reservations, as well as on lands 30 miles 
northwest of Bluff, Utah. A number of the largest archeological 
institutions in the country have claimed that the uniform regulations 
of December 28. 1906, should be amended so as to remove certain 
restrictions which they regard as oppressive. This matter is still 
under consideration in the department. 

MUIB, WOODS NATIONAL MONUMENT. 



On December 31, 1907, the Secretary of the Interior, for and on 
behalf of the United States, accepted from William Kent and his 

79108—13 3 



18 KEPORT ON PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS^ ETC. 

wife, Elizabeth Thatcher Kent, of Chicago, III., in accordance with 
the act of Congress approved June 8, 1906, entitled ''An act for the 
preservation of American antiquities," a deed conveving to the United 
States the following-described land, situate in Marin County, Cal. : 

Beginuiug at a stake, A. 7, driveu in the center of the road in Redwood 
Canon and located by the following courses and distances from the point of 
commencement of the tract of land, which was conveyed by the Tamalpais Land 
and Water Company to William Kent by a deed dated August 29th, 1905, and 
recorded in the office of the county recorder of Marin ^County, California, 
Book 95 of Deeds at page 58, to wit : North eighteen degrees thirty-two minutes! 
east two hundred thirty-two and sixty-four hundredths feet, north sixty-six 
degrees thirty minutes, west one hundred sixty-seven and thirty-four hundredths 
feet, north eighty-six degrees twenty-five minutes, west ninety-eight and sixty- 
two hundredths feet, north seventy degrees no minutes, west" two hundred 




Fig. 3. — Muir Woods National Monument, Cal., in T. 1 N., R. 6 W., Mount Diablo 
meridian ; created .January 9, 1908. 

forty-one and seven hundredths feet, north fifty-seven degrees tweutv-nine 
minutes, west one hundred seventy-eight and three-huudredths feet, 'north 
forty-six degrees twenty-two minutes, west two hundred thirty-five and thirty- 
nine hundredths feet, and north twenty-four degrees twenty-five minutes, west 
two hundred twenty-five and fifty-six hundredths feet ; thence from said stake, 
A. 7, the point of beginning, south fifty-four degrees nineteen minutes, west 
fourteen hundred eighty-two and seven-tenths feet to Station A. S, from which 
Station 4 of the survey of the tract of land conveyed to William Kent as 
aforesaid bears south fifty-four degrees nineteen minutes, west three hundred 
ten feet distant ; thence from said Station A. 8 north forty-seven degrees thirty 
minutes, west twenty-six hundred eighty feet; thence due west six hundred 
lifty and eight-tenths feet ; thence north fifty-two degrees thirty minutes, west 
eleven hundred feet; thence north nineteen degrees forty-five minutes, west 



REPOKT ON PLATT Al^-D WIND CAVE NATIOlSrAL PAEKS;, ETC. 19 

leu liundred fifty-eiglit aud four-ten tlis feet to Station A. 12 from which 
Station 16 of the survey of the tract of land conveyed to William Kent as 
aforesaid bears south eighty-three degrees forty-two minutes, west three hun- 
dred ten feet distant; thence north eighty-three degrees forty-two minutes, 
east thirty-one hundred nine and two-tenths feet; thence north fi'fty-tive degrees 
twenty-eight minutes, east fifteen hundred fifty feet to an iron bolt, three- 
quarters of an inch in diameter and thirty Inches long, Station 14 ; thence south 
seventeen degrees eighteen minutes, east twenty-eight hundred twenty and nine- 
tenths feet; thence south four degrees ten minutes, east nine hundred thirty 
feet to a stake, A. 16, driven In the center of a graded road; and thence south 
forty-fi-^e degrees seventeen minutes, west two hundred ninety-eight and five- 
tenths feet to said stake A. 7, the place of beginning. Containing an area of 
two hundred ninety-five acres, a little more or less. 

On January 9, 1908, the President, by virtue of the power and au- 
thority vested in him by section 2 of said act, declared, proclaimed, 
and set apart the lands described as a " national monument to be 
known and recognized as Muir Woods National Monument." The 
Secretary of the Interior had, prior to the date last mentioned, with- 
drawn the lands from entry or sale. 

On September 10, 1908, the department prescribed regulations as 
follows for the government and protection of said monument : 

The following rules and regulations for the government of the Muir Woods 
National Monument, in the State of California, set aside under the provisions of 
the act of Congress approved .June S, 1906, are hereby established and made 
public, pursuant to the authority conferred by said act : 

1. Fires are absolutely prohibited. 

2. No firearms allowed. 

3. No fishing permitted. 

4. Flowers, ferns, or shrubs must not be picked, nor may any damage be done 
to the trees. 

5. Vehicles and horses may be left only at the places designated for this 
purpose. 

6. Lunches may be eaten only at the spots marked out for such use. and all 
refuse and litter must be placed In the receptacles provided. 

7. Pollution of the water in any manner is prohibited. It must be kept clean 
enough for drinking purposes. 

8. No drinking saloon or barroom will be permitted. 

9. Persons rendering themselves obnoxious by disorderly conduct or bad be- 
havior, or who may Aaolate any of the foregoing rules, will be summarily 
removed. 

AMiile the sundry civil act approved May 27, 1908 (35 Stat., 317), 
was pending before Congress attention was called to the fact that no 
})rovision was made for the salaries of custodians or for other protec- 
tion of national monuments, as recommended in the estimates for 
these services, and that the department would be embarrassed in its 
eiforts to protect monuments from vandalism and unauthorized ex- 
ploration and spoliation because of a lack of funds. The depart- 
ment had recommended an appropriation of $5,000 for these purposes. 
Three thousand dollars had been appropriated the previous year, but 
because of defective wording of the act was not made available. 
However, on July 11, 1910, Andrew Lind, of California, was ap- 
pointed custodian of the Muir Woods National Monument, at a 
salary of $900 per annum, payable from the appropriation " Protec- 
tion of public lands and timber." 

These lands consist of one of the most noted redwood groves in the 
State of California, and were held in private ownership by Mr. Kent. 
The tract is of great scientific interest, contains many redwood trees 
which have grown to a height of 300 feet and have a diameter at the 
butt of 18 feet or more. It is located in a direct line about 7 miles 



20 EEPORT ON PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS, ETC,. 

from San Francisco, Cal., and is in close proximity to a large and 
growing suburban population. 

The report of Mr. Andrew Lind, the custodian of the reserA'ation, 
for the year shows that the monument was carefully patrolled and the 
regulations for the government thereof enforced. Obstructions to 
the roads and trails in the shape of fallen trees have been removed, 
and the roads have been placed in condition for the accommodation of 
travel. About 40,000 people visited the monument during the year. 
Mr. Lind recommends that allotments be made for the renewing and 
cleaning out of the fire lines, that the main road running through the 
reservation be put in better condition, and that a suitable building be 
provided inside the monument for the use of the custodian. 

During the year the sum of $1,534.55 was expended in protection 
and improvement of the monument, and the custodian requests that 
$2,600 be allotted for the protection and ananagement of the monu- 
ment during the next fiscal year. 

PETRIFIED FOREST OF ARIZONA. 

The Petrified Forest of Arizona lies in the area between the Little 
Colorado Elver and the Rio Puerco, 15 miles east of their junction 
and 6 miles south of Adamana, a station on the Santa Fe Pacific 
Railroad, from which place it is accessible by horse or vehicle. This 
area is of great interest because of the abundance of petrified conifer- 
ous trees, as well as its scenic features. The trees lie scattered about 
in great profusion; none, however, stands erect in its original place 
of growth, as do many of the petrified trees in the Yellowstone 
National Park. The trees probably at one time grew beside an inland 
sea ; after falling they became waterlogged, and during decomposition 
the cell structure of the wood was entirely replaced by silica derived 
from sandstone in the surrounding land. Over a greater part of the 
entire area trees lie scattered in all conceivable positions and in frag- 
ments of all sizes. Perhaps the most prominent of all the scenic 
features of the region is the well-known Natural Bridge, consisting 
of a great petrified trunk lying across a canyon 45 feet in width and 
forming a footbridge over which anyone may easily pass. 

Prof. Lester F. Ward, of the Geological Survey, has stated that 
" There is no other petrified forest in which the wood assumes so many 
varied and interesting forms and colors, and it is these that present 
the chief attraction for the general public. The state of mineraliza- 
tion in which much of this wood exists almost places them among 
the gems or precious stones. Not only are chalcedony, opals, and 
agates found among them, but many approach the condition of jasper 
and onyx. The degree of hardness attained by them is such that they 
are said to make an excellent quality of emer3^" 

Dr. Walter Hough, of the Smithsonian Institution, who visited 
this monument, states that " In the celebrated Petrified Forest, which 
is some 18 miles from Holbrook, Ariz., on the picturesque Santa Fe 
Railroad, there are ruins of several ancient Indian villages. These 
villages are small, in some cases having merely a few houses, but 
what gives them a peculiar interest is that they were built of logs 
of beautiful fossil wood. * * * r^^ie prehistoric dwellers of the 
land selected cylinders of uniform size, which were seemingly deter- 



EEPOET ON PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, ETC. 21 

mined by the carrying strength of a man. It is probable that pre- 
historic builders never chose more beautiful stones for the construc- 
tion of their habitations than the trunks of the trees which flourished 
ages before man appeared on the earth. 

" This wood agate also furnished material for stone hammers, 
arrowheads, and knives, which are often found in ruins hundreds of 
miles from the forest." 

'7777T Reser vat ion Boundary— — County Boundary*^]? Col lectin| Grounds 




R.23 E. 



R.24E. 



Fig. 4. — Petrified Forest National Momiment, Ariz., embracing sees. 1, 2, 11, and 12 and 
E. J sees. 3 and 10. T. 16 N.. R. 23 E. ; sees 4 to 9 and W. J sees. 3 and 10, T. 16 N., 
R. 24 B. ; sees. 34, 35. 36. T. 17 N., R. 23 E. ; sees. 3 to 10, 15 to 22, 27 to 33, and W. I 
sees. 2, 11, 14, 23, 26, T. 17 N., R. 24 E., Gila and Salt River meridian, containing 40.04 
square miles, set aside by proclamation of the President July 31, 1911. 

NAVAJO NATIONAL MONUMENT. 



This monument as originally created embraces a large area within 
the Navajo Indian Reservation, which was reserved tentatively and 
with a view to a reduction to such small tract or tracts as might be 
found to contain valuable prehistoric pueblo or cliff dwellings when 



22 



REPOKT ON PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS^ ETC. 



the extent of same could be determined bv examination on the ground 
and their locus definitely fixed by traverse lines connecting them with 
some corner of the pulDlic surveys. Both of these conditions have 
noAv been fulfilled. By proclamation of March 14, 1912, the original 
reserve was reduced to three small tracts, embracing 360 acres, wTthin 
which are located, respectively, two most interesting and extensive 
pueblo clitf-dwelling ruins in a remarkable state of preservation and 
known as the Betata Kin and Keet Seel, and a third cliff-dwelling 



/ 

/A^ 

»''" 



aio ~~ \\ AH 




fShxznto Sp. 

'^ NAVAJJ 

Tsa-un-ne-e ^J' 



..,'"" jSaftSp. 

O/mOIAN RESERyATtpN 



K0>l (MOQUI) INDIAN RESEKVATION 



Fig. 5. — Navajo National Monument, Ariz., embracins? all cliff-dwelling and pueblo rains 
between the parallel of latitude SB" .30' and 37^ north and longitude 110° and 110- 45' 
west fi-om (ireenwich, with 40 acres of land in square form around each of said ruins: 
created March 20, 1009. 

ruin called Inscription House located on Navajo Creek just beyond 
the western boundary of the present monument and centrally located 
^yithin and protected by a tract of land containing 40 acres. Inscrip- 
tion House is extraordinary not only because of its remarkable state 
of preservation, but because upon the walls of its well-preserved 
rooms were found inscriptions written in Spanish by early explorers 
and plainly dated 1661. 

The new boundaries of the Navajo National Monument under the 
latter proclamation are shown in the preceding plat. 



REPOET ON PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAKKS, ETC. 23 

CHACO CANYON NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

These remarkable relics of an unknown people embrace numerous 
commimal or pueblo dwellings built of stone, among which is the 
ruin known as Pueblo Bonito, containing, as it originally stood, 
1,200 rooms and being the largest prehistoric ruin yet discovered in 
the Southwest. Numerous other ruins, containing from fifty to a 
hundred or more rooms, are scattered along Chaco Canyon and tribu- 




FiG. 6. — Nava.io National Monument, Ariz., containing 360 acres, embracing the Iveet 
Seel and Betata Kin i-nlns, located In two small tracts of 160 acres each, along Laguna 
Creek, and Inscription House ruins, on Navajo Creek, in a 40-acre tract, all within the 
Navajo Indian Reservation. 

taries for a distance of about 14 miles and upon adjacent territory 
to the east, south, and west of Chaco Canyon many miles farther. 
The most important of these ruins are as follows: Pueblo Bonito, 
Chettro Kettle, Arroyo, New Alto, Old Alto, Kin-Klet Soi, Casa 
Chiquita, Penasco Blanco, Kin-Kla-tzin, Hungo Pavis, Unda Vidie, 
Weji-gi, Kim-me-ni-oli, Kin-yai, Casa Morena, and Pintado. 



24 EEPORT ON PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS^ ETC. 
T.2IN., R.IIVV. T.2IN.,R. low. 




T2IN.,R.f2W. 




T.I7N.,R.12W. 




T.I7N.,R.I0W. T.20N.,R.8W. 




Casa Moreho 



Pintado p#^ 



Fifi. 7. — Cliaco Canyon National Monument, N. Mex., pmbracing sees. 7 and 8 and 16 to 
29, inclusive, T. 21 N., R. 10 W. ; sees. 1. 2, 3, 4, and 8 to 14. inelusive, and 17, 19, 20, 
and 30. T, 21 N.. R. 11 W. ; S, J see. 12. T. 20 N., R. 8 W. ; SE. i see. 32. T. 21 N., 
R. 12 W. ; SB. i sec. 28. T. 17 N., R. 12 W. ; SE. J sec. 17, T. 17 N., R. 10 W.. New 
Mexico principal meridian ; created March 11, 1907. 



y777777777777777777777777y 




cSfJH 



^'^'^'''^(^i'/K^C/''''^^ 



-^ 



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NAV/VJO 



r7777777777. Monument Boundary 

i''ir;. 8. — Rainbow Bridge National Monument, T'tah, embraeing 100 acres of land in square 
form, the southeast corner of which boars from one hundred and seventj- -ninth mile 
corner on the Utah and Arizona boundary N. 60° 25' 13" W. 7 miles 67.87 chains dis- 



tant ; created September 25, 1909. 



EEPOET ON PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS, ETC, 25 
RAINBOW BRIDGE NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

This natural bridge is located within the Navajo Indian Reserva- 
tion, near the southern boundary of Utah, a few miles northwest 
from Navajo Mountain, a well-known peak and landmark, and spans 
a canyon and small stream which drains the northwestern slopes of 
this peak. Among the known extraordinary natural bridges of the 
world, this bridge is unique in that it is not only a symmetrical arch 
below but presents also a curved surface above, thus presenting, 
roughly, the character of the rainbow, for which it is named. Its 
height above the surface of the water is 309 feet and its span is 278 
feet. 

The existence of this natural wonder was first disclosed to William 
B. Douglass, an examiner of surveys of the General Land Office, on 
August 14, 190D, by a Piute Indian, called " Mike's-boy," later " Jim," 
who was employed in connection with the survey of the natural 
bridges in White Canyon, Utah. 

EL MORRO NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

A feature of great historic interest and importance is the so-called 
El Morro or Inscription Rock, some 35 miles almost due east of Zuni 
Pueblo in western central New Mexico. 

It is not too much to say that no rock formation in the West or 
perhaps in the world is so well adapted to the purpose for which this 
table of stone was used — at least history does not record any collection 
of similar data. Here are records covering two centuries, some of 
which are the only extant memoranda of the early expeditions and 
explorations of what is now the southwestern part of the United 
States. On these smooth walls, usually under some projecting 
stratum, inscriptions were cut by the early conquerors and explorers, 
which have made this rock one among the most interesting objects on 
the continent. 

Here, in this remote and uninhabited region, in the shadows of 
one of nature's most unique obelisks, wrapped in the profound silence 
of the desert, with no living thing to break the stillness, it is hard to 
realize that 300 years ago these same walls echoed the clank of steel 
harness and coats of mail ; that with the implements of Spanish con- 
quest the pathfinders in the New World were carving historical 
records upon the eternal rock. 

Locally Inscription Eock and El Morro are known as separate and 
distinct monumental rocks.. The latter, translated The Castle, is the 
rock standing out in bold relief to the east, while Inscription Rock is 
the name applied to the formation to the west, which is a part of the 
mesa. On the south side in the angle formed by the two, one extend- 
ing east and the other south, is a great chamber or cavern, a natural 
amphitheater where secure refuge from storm or human foe could 
easily be secured. It is here, too, that the only spring within many 
miles wells up as if to make the natural fortification doubly secure. 
Upon these walls are many of the best preserved Spanish inscriptions, 
although there are quite a number 200 feet east, under the shadows of 
a stately pine tree and on the north side of El Morro. Most of them 
are as plain and apparently as legible as the day they were written ; 

79108—13 i 



26 EEPOET ON" PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, ETC. 

especially is this true of the older ones, carved during the sixteenth 
and seventeenth centuries. 

The existence of extensive, prehistoric ruins on the very summit of 
Inscription Rock is another feature of interest. On the top of the 
rock a deep cleft or canyon divides the western end of the formation. 
On each of these arms is the remnant of large communal houses or 
pueblos. Some of the walls are yet standing and the ground plans 
of the structures are well defined. That on the south arm, ajid almost 
overhanging the cavern and spring, is approximately 200 by 150 feet. 
Some of the buildings must have been more than one story in height. 




Fig. 9. — El Morro National Monument, N. Mex., embracing the S. h NB. k and N. i SE. 
i sec. 6, T. 9 N., R. 14 W., New Mexico meridian ; created December 8, 190G. 

The remarkable natural defenses of the site and the existence of 
the spring doubtless induced the builders to select this odd location. 
At some distant day it may be desirable to excavate these ruins and 
thus add to this historic spot attractions for the scientist as well as 
the general public who are interested in scenic and natural curiosities. 

LEWIS AND CLABK CAVERN NATIONAL MONUMENT. 



The feature of this monument is a limestone cavern of great scien- 
tific interest, because of its length and because of the number of 
large vaulted chambers it contains. It is of historic interest, also, 



EEPOET ON PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS, ETC. 27 

because it overlooks for a distance of more than 50 miles the trail 
of Lewis and Clark along the Jefferson River, named by them. The 
vaults of the cavern are magnificently decorated with stalactites and 
stalagmite formations of great variety in size, form, and color, the 
equal of, if not rivaling, the similar formations in the well-known 
Luray caves in Virginia. 

The cavern is located about 1 mile northeasterly from Limespur, a 
post office in Jefferson County, and a station on the Northern Pacific 



\ 6 \ 5 



IS 



Lot/2 
Sec. ex./? 

Enti^nce 
toCaxe 




'^//////////////////////////////////A^,.^ 



16 



19 



20 



r. / N. R. 2 i^. 



21 



////y/// /////////// Monument Boundary 



Fig. 



10. — ^Lewis and Clark Cavern National Monument, Mont., embracing lot 12, sec. 
T. 1 N., R. 2 W., Montana principal meridian ; created May 11, 1908. 



17, 



Railroad. Its two entrances, which are about 100 yards apart, are 
upon the walls of a deep canyon about 500 feet below the rim, and 
the cavern extends back therefrom approximately half a mile. The 
proclamation establishing this monument is as follows : 

Whereas the unsurveyed tract of land containing an extraordinary Jimestone 
cavern and embracing one hundred and sixty acres, situated in township one 
north, range two west of the Montana principal meridian, Montana, and which 
was created the Lewis and Clark Cavern National Monument by proclamation 
dated the 11th day of May, 1908, has recently been definitely located by an 
official survey thereof, made under the direction of the Commissioner of the 
General Land Office, and such survey having determined that the tract in ques- 



28 EEPOET ON PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS, ETC. 

tion lies wholly within the limits of the grant of the Northern Pacific Railway 
Company but has not yet been patented to that company; 

And whereas, by its quitclaim deed the said Northern Pacific Railway Com- 
pany relinquished unto the United States all its right, title, and interest to lot 
twelve, section seventeen, township one north, range two west of the Montana 
principal meridian, Montana, the same being the original tract proclaimed a 
national monument, for the purpose of maintaining thereon the said Lewis 
and Clark Cavern National Monument, under the condition that the instrument 
of relinquishment shall become void and the premises immediately revert to the 
grantor should the monument no longer be maintained. 

Now, therefore, I, William H. Taft. President of the United States of 
America, by virtue of the power in me vested by section two of the act of 



S Chains 



V//M>/WWM//^/MWMW//y>///////////) 




/Q CheinS 



NATIONAL 

jC:::3^^o6<? House 

MONUMENT 



^5 

I 



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Q Adobe House 



□ Adobe House 
Residence 



'ACor. Sec. 30-31 

Pig. 11 — Tumacacori National Monument, Ariz., embracing the E. J NW. \ SW. \ SE. 
J and the W. \ NE. \ SW. \ SE. J. sec. 30, T. 21 S., R. 13 E., Gila and Salt River 
meridian ; created September 15, 1908. 



Congress approved June S. 1906, entitled "An act for the preservation of Ameri- 
can antiquities," do hereby set aside and confirm as the Lewis and Clark 
Cavern National Monument the said tract, embracing one hundred and sixty 
acres of land, at and surrounding the limestone cavern in section seventeen, 
township one north, range two west, Montana, subject to the conditions set 
forth in the relinquishment and quitclaim deed No. 1S129E, dated February 14, 
1911, of the Northern Pacific Railway Company, the said tract being in square 
form and designated as lot twelve in the survey and deed, with side lines run- 
ning north and south and all sides equidistant from the main entrance of the 
said cavern, the center of said entrance bearing north forty-nine degrees, forty- 
two minutes west, fifty-three and thirteen hundredths chains distant from the 
corner to sections sixteen, seventeen, twenty, and twenty-one, as shown upon 
the diagram hereto attached and made a part hereof. 



REPOET ON PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, ETC. 29 

Warning is hereby expressly given to all persons not to appropriate, injure, 
or destroy any of the natural formations in the cavern hereby declared to be a 
national monument, nor to locate or settle upon any of the lands reserved and 
made a part of said monument by this proclamation. 

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the 
United States to be affixed. 

Done at the city of Washington this sixteenth day of May, in the year 

[seal.] of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and eleven, and of the 

independence of the United States the one hundred and thirty-fifth. 

TUMACACORI NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

This monument embraces 10 acres of land relinquished to the 
United States by a homestead entryman for the purposes specified in 
the act of June 8, 1906. Upon the tract is located a very ancient 




Sec. 16 



^WV.'i'l'A-, 



(/nSi^rueytCl 



Fig. 12. — Montezuma Castle National Monument, .\i-iz., embracing the NW. J NW. \ 
sec. 16. the N. I NE. i and NE. J NW. J see. 3 7, T. 14 N., R. 5 E.. Gila and Salt River 
meridian ; created December 8. 1906. 

Spanish mission ruin, erected probably, as appears from the reports, 
in the latter part of the sixteenth century. The church is in a re- 
markable state of preservation, owing to the fact that is was erected 
out of burned bricks and cement mortar. 

MONTEZUMA CASTLE NATIONAL MONUMENT. 



This structure is of very great interest, not only because of its pic- 
turesqueness, but for ethnological and other scientific reasons. It is 
strictly a cliff dwelling, with the added importance that it is also 
a communal house. Although very small as compared with the great 



30 KEPOET 0^ PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS, ETC. 

ruins of Chaco Canyon. Canyon cle Chelley, Mesa Verde, the Mancos, 
and other locahties of the Southwest, it is so unique in location and 
structural design, and so perfectly preserved, that it may be said 
to have no equal in the United States. 

The character of the material used in the Verde cliff ruins, adobe, 
rubble, and a soft calcareous stone, rendered the progress of disin- 
tegration and ruin somewhat rapid, though many centuries must 
have elapsed since the passing of the race. The Mojave Apache 
Indians, who occupied the valley at the advent of the white men, have 
no tradition respecting the existence of the people who formerly 




occupied this region. Montezuma's Castle, it is stated, is the only 
single perfect specimen and type of the architectural skill of the 
prehistoric cliff dwellers of this valley. 

NATURAL BRIDGES NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

This tract of land was first created a national monument on April 
16, 1908. 

• 4 ^®^^^^ proclamation, issued by the President September 25, 1909 
includes, besides the three bridges originally reserved, a much more 



EEPOET ON PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAKKS^ ETC. 31 



extended territory, but within which, along the walls of the canyons 
in the vicinity of the bridges, are found many prehistoric ruins of 
cavern and cliff dwellings. There are also two cavern springs con- 
taining some prehistoric ruins, which are located approximately 13 
and 19 miles southeast of the bridges, respectively. These cavern 
springs are included within the Katnral Bridges Monument. They 
are located upon the ancient and only trail to the bridges from the 
south, and are important way stations in the desert surrounding this 
monument. 




////y.m/// Monument Boundary 

Fig. 14. — Gran Quivira National Monument, N. Mex., embracing unsurveyed N. i N. 1 sec. 
3, T. 1 S., R. 8 E., New Mexico principal meridian ; created November 1, 1909. 

GRAN QUIVIKA NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

The Gran Quivira has long been recognized as one of the most 
important of the earliest Spanish church or mission ruins in the 
Southwest. Near by are numerous Indian pueblo ruins, occupying 
an area many acres in extent, which also, with sufficient land to pro- 
tect them, was reserved. The outside dimensions of the church ruins, 
which is in the form of a short-arm cross, are about 48 by 140 feet, and 
its walls are from 4 to 6 feet thick and from 12 to 20 feet hiffh. 



32 EEPOET ON PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, ETC. 




///////// Monumenf Bounc/cfru 

Fig. 15. — Mukuntuweap National Monument. Utah, embracing sees. 3, 4, 5, 6. 8, 9, 10, 14, 
15, 1(>. 21, 22, 23, 26, 27. 28, 33, and 34. T. 40 S., R. 10 W., and all of the Mukuntuweap 
Canyon in T. 41 S.. R. 10 W.. Salt Lake meridian ; created July 31, 1909. 



REPOET ON PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS, ETC. 33 

The Gran Qiiivira National Monument is located 1^ miles outside 
of the exterior boundaries of the Manzano National Forest, and is 
remote from the headquarters of any officer of this department. 




"n\ V VtrrWwmwtr 



\ 
\ 



I 












\^ 






\M,W 



^^ 



















^^z^z^z/ A/a//o/7a/ Monument Boundarcf 

Pig. 16. — Shoshone Cavern National Monument, Wyo., embracing the SW. \ SB. \, W. | 
SB. i SB. I, SW. \ NE. J SB. \, S. i NW. i SB. i ; and SB. \ SW. |, sec. 5 ; the NW. 4 NE. 
i and NE. J NW. i sec. 8. T. 52 N., R. 102 W., sixth principal meridian ; created Sep- 
tember 21, 1909. 

MUKUNTUWEAP NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

The Mukuntuweap National Monument, Utah, embraces the mag- 
nificent gorge of Zion Creek, called the Mukuntuweap Canyon by the 
Powell Topographic Survey of southwestern Utah, Kanab sheet, and 
the same is of the greatest scientific interest. The canyon walls are 



34 EEPOET ON" PLATT AN^D WIXD CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, ETC. 

smooth, vertical sandstone precipices, from 800 to 2,000 feet deep. 
These walls are unscalable within the limits of the boundaries of the 
reserve, except at one point about 4 miles from the southern and <> 
miles from the northern extremity. The North Fork of the Rio 
Virgin passes through the canyon, and it is stated that the views into 
the canyon from its rim are exceeded in beauty and grandeur only by 
the similar views into the Grand Canyon of the Colorado. 

At intervals along the west wall of the canyon are watercourses 
which cross the rim and plunge into the gorge in waterfalls 800 to 
2,000 feet high. 



CORNER H 




Fig. 17. — Sitka National Monument, Alaska, embracing a tract of land which includes the 
mouth of Indian River and adjacent territory near Sitka ; created Marcli 23, 1010. 

SHOSHONE CAVERN NATIONAL MONUMENT. 



The Shoshone Cavern National Monument embraces 210 acres of 
rough, mountainous land. The cavern entrance is located upon the 
north face of Cedar Mountain, about 3 miles east of the great 
Shoshone Dam in Big Horn County, Wyo. From its entrance the 
cavern runs in a southwesterly direction for more than 800 feet, if 
measured in a direct line. The route which must be traveled to 
reach this depth within the mountain, however, is so winding and 
irregular that at least a mile is passed before the terminus is reached. 



REPOET OlSr PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS, ETC. 35 



There are en route many dark pits and precipices of unknown depth 
and therefore of a special interest. The various chambers and pas- 
sages are beautifully decorated with a sparkling crust of limestone 
crystals and from the roof hang myriads of stalactites. 

SITKA NATIONAL MONUMENT, ALASKA. 

This monument reservation, created under the act of June 8, 1906, 
embraces about 57 acres of comparatively level gravel plain formect 
by sea wash and by the deposits of Indian Kiver, which flows through 
the tract. Upon this ground was located formerly the village of a 
warlike tribe — the Kik-Siti Indians — who, in 1802, massacred the 
Russians in old Sitka and thereafter fortified themselves and de- 



R66W: 



T.53N. 



R.65W. 




Fig. 18. — Devils Tower National Monument, W.vo., embracing sec. 7 and the N. J NE. i, 
the NE. J NW. J, and lot No. 1, sec. 18, T. 53 N., R. 65 W. ; the E. h sec. 12 and the 
N. i NE. i sec. 13, T. 53 N., R. 66 W., sixth principal meridian ; created September 24, 
1906. 

fended their village against the Russians under Baranoff and Lisi- 
anski. Here also are the graves of a Russian midshipman and six 
sailors, who were killed in a decisive battle in 1804. A celebrated 
" witch tree " of the natives and 16 totem poles, several of which are 
examples of the best work of the savage genealogists of the Alaska 
clans, stand sentrylike along the beach. 

DEVILS TOWER NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

This extraordinary, natural monument has been known and util- 
ized, doubtless, from time immemorial by the aborigines of the plains 
and mountains, for the American Indian of the last century wap 



36 EEPOET OX PLATT AXD WIXD CAVE I^TATIONAL PAEKS, ETC. 

found to be directing- his course to and from the hunt and foray by- 
reference to this lofty pile. In their turn the white pioneers of 
civilization in their explorations of the great Northwest which began 
with the expedition of the Verendryes, pathfinders of the French 
colonies of Canada, in 1742, utilized the tower as a landmark, and 
btill later the military expeditions into the Sioux and Crow Indian 
country during the Indian wars of the last century carried on opera- 
tions within sight of the Devils Tower or directed their march by 
the aid of its ever-present beacon, for the tower is visible in some 
directions in that practically cloudless region for nearly 100 miles. 

PINNACLES NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

There are two groups of the so-called Pinnacles Rocks, known 
locally as the Big Pinnacles and the Little Pinnacles. The general 



19 20 21 ZZ 



30 29 



28 



3i 2Z 



17 



21 



23 ?4 T. 16 5. 



26 25 



^35 35 



4^^-+- 



- + - 



e^ 



16 



15 



IV 



13 



T.I7S. 



Fig. 19. 



R.7E. 
Pinnacles National Monument, Cal. ; created Januai-y 16, 1908. 



characteristics of the two groups are similar. Each covers an area 
of about 160 acres, veiy irregular in outline. 

The name is derived from the spirelike formations rising from 
600 to 1.000 feet from the floor of the canyon, forming a landmark 
^dsible man}^ miles in every direction. Many of the rocks are so 
precipitous that they can not be scaled. A series of caves, opening 
one into the other, lie under each of the groups of rock. These caves 
vary greatly in size, one in particular, known as the Banquet Hall, 
being about 100 feet square with a ceiling 30 feet high. The caves 
are entered through narrow canyons, with perpendicular rock walls 
and overhanging bowlders. One huge stone, called the Temple Rock, 
is almost cubical in form. It stands alone in the bottom of the can- 
yon and its walls rise perpendicularly to a height of over 200 feet. 
There are also several specimens of " balancing rocks " in each of 
the groups. 



EEPOET ON PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAKKS^ ETC. 37 
COLOBADO NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

This area was set aside as a national monument by the President's 
proclamation of May 24, 1911, and is the latest monmnent to be 
created. 

It is situated near Grand Junction, Colo., and the site is m a 
picturesque canyon, which has long been an attractive feature of that 




^^JT.IN.R.2W. UMer. 



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16 



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6^"? P.M. 



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iii.^^:^^^^^^^^ Monument Boundary. 



Pig. 20. — Colorado National Monument, Colo., embracing parts of Tps. 11 and 12 S., Rs. 
101 and 102 W. of the sixth principal meridian, and part of sec. 32, T. 1 N., R. 2 W. 
of the Ute meridian, Colorado, containing 13,8-3.3.06 acres. 

portion of the State. The formation is similar to that of the Garden 
of the Gods at Colorado Springs, Colo., only much more beautiful 
and picturesque. With the exception of the Grand Canyon of the 
Colorado it exhibits probably as highly colored, magnificent, and 
impressive examples of erosion, particularly of lofty monoliths, as 
may be found anywhere in the West. These monoliths are located 
in several tributarv canvons. Some of them are of gigantic size.. 



38 KEPOET ON PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS, ETC. 

one being over 400 feet high, almost circular in cross section, and 
100 feet in diameter at base. 



6 


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1 


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' 


31 


32 




^1 


J4 


35 


36 




D\ 



Fig. 21. — Cinder Cone National Monument, within Lassen Peak National Forest, Cal. 



6 


5 


¥ 


3 


2 


/ 


7 


8 


3 


JO 


// 


/2 


/8 


/7 


/6 


/5 


J4 


/3 


/9 


20 


2/ 


22 


23 


2^ 


30 


29 


28 


27 


26 


25 


31 


32 


33 


3^ 


35 


36 



Fig. 22. — Lassen Peak National Monument, within Lassen Peak National Forest, Cal. 
CINDER CONE NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

The Cinder Cone National Monmnent was created by proclamation 
dated May 6, 1907. It is situated within the Lassen Peak National 



EEPOET ON PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, ETC. 39 

Forest, and with the adjacent area, embracing a lava field and Snag 
Lake and Lake Bidwell, is of scientific interest as illustrative of vol- 
canic activity, and is of special importance in tracing the history of 
the volcanic phenomena of that vicinity. 

LASSEN PEAK NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

The Lassen Peak National Monument was created by proclamation 
dated May 6, 1907. It is situated within the Lassen Peak National 
Forest and marks the southern terminus of the long line of extinct 





CLIFF 
DWELLINGS 


Sec. 


27 
1 

1 

1 
i 



Fig. 23. — Gila Cliff-Dwellings National Monument, within Gila National Forest, N. Mex., 
embracing NB. I of sec. 27, T. 12 S., R. 14 W., New Mexico principal meridian and base. 

volcanoes in the Cascade Range, from which one of the greatest 
volcanic fields in the world extends, and is of special importance in 
tracing the history of the volcanic phenomena of that vicinity. 

GILA CLIFF-DWELLINGS NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

The Gila Cliff-Dwellings National Monument was created by proc- 
lamation dated November 16, 1907. These cliff-dweller ruins are 
neither very large nor very important, but are located in a district 
in which few prehistoric ruins are found. 



40 EEPORT ON PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS^ ETC. 
TONTO NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

The Tonto National Monument was created by proclamation dated 
December 19, 1907. It is located in Gila County, Ariz., and em- 
braces two prehistoric ruins of cliff dwellinos located somewhat 
less than 2 miles south of the Salt Eiver Resen^oir constructed by 
the Eeclamation Service in the valley of the Salt River within the 
Tonto Basin, and is about 5 miles southeasterly from the town of 
Roosevelt. The prehistoric ruin is situated in the high, flaring en- 
trance to a large, shallow cavern, is three stories high, approximately 
60 feet wide and 30 feet deep, and contains 14 or more rooms. 

^^///////////////////////////////////////////////^^^^ 

^A ^ _ _ t-^^«y 7>wgT///i / v3 

I ife. ^ ^ 

^/ ////// ///// ///////////////////////W//////////////////////////////////^ ^ 

Fig. 24. — Tonto National Monument, unsiuveyed sec. :;!4, T. 4 N., R. 12 E., Gila and Salt 
River meridian, Ariz., containing G40 acres. 

GRAND CANYON NATIONAL MONUMENT, ARIZ. 

A considerable portion of the area set aside by the proclamation 
creating this national monument is covered by three different procla- 
mations, one of which created the Grand Canyon Forest Reserve, one 
the game preserve embracing that part of the national forest north 
of the river, and the third the monument proclamation. It is be- 
lieved that the most wonderful portion of the canyon is contained 
within the present limits of the national monument and game 
preserves. 



'rEPOET OlSr PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS, ETC. 41 

Steps have been taken to create a national park of the Grand 
■Canyon of the Arizona, and a bill (H. R. 6331) providing for such 
purpose was introduced in Congress April 20, 1911, and is now 
pending before that body. The Association of American Geog- 



NATIONAL MONUMENT BOUNOAHY 
NATtONAL FOREST BOUNDARY 
from Ribllc Land Surv*j», US.Gwolo; 



'"S^r^s;:,''.*"* 



-^m^ L-Iff ^ i 5**^^ L ''^'*'** ( 



ar'zjona"' 




i vmiKmAmmmA 



K4W. a3W. R2W. I, RJW. R.1 E. R.2e. R3 E. R.4 E. R.S t RCE. 

Pig. 25. — Grand Canj-on National Monument, within Grand Canyon National Forest, Ariz. 

raphers has recommended that the above-mentioned park be desig- 
nated as Powell National Park, and the Geological Society of 
America has approved the naming of the national park in the Grand 
'Canyon of the Colorado after its explorer, Maj. J. W. Powell. 



42 REPOKT ON" PLATT AXD WIXD CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS, ETC. 



JEWEL CAVE NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

Jewel Cave, which is located 13 miles west and south of Custer^ 
the county seat of Custer County, S. Dak., was discovered on August 
18, 1900, by two prospectors, Albert and F. W. Michaud, whose 
attention was attracted by the noise of wind coming from a small 
hole in the limestone cliffs on the east side of Hell Canyon. In the 
hope of discovering some valuable mineral and the source of the 
wind, these men, in company with one Charles Bush, enlarged the 



rj 



J\ 




, f 



/ 

/!sec. 34. 






1 



\ 



Sec. 35 V^ "\ 



.^ 




\ 



y 



'■^^'' '^ J diSper Cav 



house 



ill SprinffS 

Jewel (^ave 



Sec.Z. 



5ec. 2 



± 



Spring 



Fig. 26.- 



-Jewel Cave National Monument, within Black Hills National Forest, S. Dak.^ 
Tps. 3 and 4 S., R. 2 E., Black Hills meridian. 



opening. Jasper and manganese are found in the cave, but to what 
extent is not definitely known. 

The prospectors have followed the main descending wind passage 
for a distance of 1^> miles, which point the explorers believe to be 
from 600 to TOO feet? below the entrance, and have explored numerous 
side galleries and passages. However, the cave is far from being 
fully explored. 

The cave, as far as known, is located in limestone formation and is 
apparently the result of action of water. A prominent geologist wha 



EEPOET ON PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS, ETC. 43 

visited this cave believes it to be an extinct geyser channel. The cave, 
as far as explored, consists of a series of chambers, connected by- 
narrow passages with numerous side galleries, which increase in size 
as the distance from the entrance becomes greater. 

The explorers have been careful observers of the action of the 
wind within the cave. They have discovered that ordinarily the 
wind blows in and out of the cave for regular periods, the periods of 
blowing in and out being 15 hours each, although they have known 
the periods to be of 72 hours' duration. Other wind passages have 
been discovered in the vicinity of the cave. 



6 


5 


4 


3 


2 


1 


7 


8 


9 


10 


II 


12 


18 




H"' 


' 1^ 


? 1 


15 


14 


13 


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19 


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- 22 


23 


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1 








1 






30 


29 


28 


27 


26 


^5 


31 


32 


53 


34 


35 


36 



Fig. 27. — Wheeler National Monument, within Cochetopa and Rio Grande National 
Forests, Colo., T. 42 N., R. 2 E., New Mexico principal meridian and base. 

WHEELER NATIONAL MONUMENT, COLO. 

The lands embraced in this national monument are situated near 
the headwaters of the middle fork of Bellows Creek, a northern 
tributary of the Eio Grande del Norte, about 10 miles northeast of 
Wagon Wheel Gap, Colo., and 2 miles south of the crest of the 
Continental Divide. 

The tract lies on the southern slope of the ridge which forms the 
crest of the Continental Divide. It is traversed from north to south 



44 EEPOET OIS^ PLATT AND WIND CAVE ISTATIOlSrAL PARKS, ETC. 

by numerous deep canyons with very precipitous sides, the inter-' 
vening ridges being capped by pinnacle like rocks, making it prac- 
tically impossible to cross the tract from east to west, even on foot. 
There are also many crevices cutting the ridges transversely, making 
an intricate net work of ravines separated by broken, precipitous 
ledges and broken mesas. 

It is probable that the formation found here is the result of a 
succession of outpourings of lava and showers of volcanic ash which 
have left a series of nearly horizontal strata of varying degrees of 
hardness. Numerous pebbles and breccia of a flint like rock are em- 
bedded in the softer lavas which were probably gathered up by the 
flowing lava mud from the original bedrock. The formation is for 
the most part scoriaceous tufa and trachyte, with some rhyolite. 
The effect of erosion on this formation has been to cut it into sharply 
defined forms of many kinds. The harder broken rocks embedded in 
the lavas have acted as veritable chisels, greatly accelerating erosive 
action and making the lines and angles more sharply defined than 
would be the case in ordinary weathering. This erosion is still going 
on at a remarkably rapid rate, making the place very interesting 
from the geological point of view. 

The fantastic forms resulting from the rapid erosion make this 
spot one of exceptional beauty. The numerous winding canyons, 
broken ridges, pinnacles, and buttes form such striking and varied 
scenes thatit will be much visited by tourists when it has been made 
accessible by the construction of roads and trails. 

From the most reliable data it is believed that the ill-fated expedi- 
tion of John C. Fremont, in 1848, reached this immediate vicinity, 
when disaster came upon the party, compelling it to turn back. 
Skeletons of mules, bits of harness, and camp equipage are found 
here, lending force to the recorded data. 

MOUNT OLYMPUS NATIONAL MONUMENT, WASH. 

This monument was set aside by presidential proclamation of 
March 2, 1909, and contained approximately 608,640 acres. It was 
created for the purpose of preserving many objects of great and 
unusual scientific interest, embracing numerous glaciers, and the 
territory has also been from time immemorial the summer range and 
breeding ground of the Olympic elk, a species which is rapidly de- 
creasing in numbers. A bill was introduced in Congress on July 15, 
1911, providing for the setting aside as a national park the same 
tract of land as was set aside by proclamation of the President creat- 
ing the Mount Olympus National Monument. 

By presidential proclamation of April 17, 1912, certain lands have 
been eliminated from the original area embraced in the monument. 
This proclamation providing therefor is as follows : 

I, William H. Taft, President of the United States of America, by virtue of 
tlie power in me vested by section 2 of the act of Congress approved June 2, 
1906, entitled " An act for the preservation of American antiquities," do hereby 
declare and proclaim that the south half of the southvpest quarter of section 
twenty-one, and the north half of the northwest quarter of section twenty- 
eight, in township twenty-four north, range eight west, Willamette meridian, 
Washington, be, and the same are hereby, eliminated from the Mount Olympus 
National Monument. The provisions of the proclamation of March 2, 1909, 



REPORT ON PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, ETC. 45 



shall remain in full force and effect as to all other lauds thereby reserved as 
a national monument. 

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand, and caused the seal of the 
United States to be affixed. 

Done at the city of Washington this seventeenth day of April, in the 

[SEAL.] year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and twelve, and of the 

independence of the United States the one hundred and thirty-sixth. 









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i 1 

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T 28 N 



T Z7 N 



T 26N 



T 25N 



T 24N. 



T 2 3 N. 



T. 22 N. 



T. 2 I N . 



R.9W. R.8W. R.7W. R. 6 W R.5W. 

Pig. 28. — Mount Olympus National Monument, within Olympic National Forest, Wash. 

OREGON CAVES NATIONAL MONUMENT, OBEG. 

The Oregon Caves or " Marble Halls " of Josephine County, dis- 
covered in 1874, are located in the Siskiyou National Forest, about 30 



46 EEPOKT ON PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS^ ETC. 



miles south of Grants Pass in Cave Mountain, a peak of the Grey- 
back Kange, that divides the headwaters of the Applegate and Illi- 
nois Elvers, and connects with the Siskiyou Mountains near the north 
line of California. 



NATIONAL MONUMENT BOUNDARY ,Q7'j 




w. ^ao^ch 




9 Entrance fo Cayes 



,I///..A^"'^' 












iO 



5 

o 

VO 



^///< 



Variation 19*'^' E. 

Fig. 29. — Oregon Caves National Monument, within Siskiyou National Forest, Oreg. 



Cave Mountain, the peak which contains these caves, rises to an 
elevation of about 6,000 feet, and is of limestone formation. The 
main openings around which the national monument has been created 
are at an elevation of 4,000 feet, but the entire mountain side for 5 or 
6 miles shows caverns of various sizes and in all probability through- 



REPORT ON PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, ETC. 47 



out its interior is honeycombed like the portion that has been ex- 
plored. 

These caves are more of a series of galleries than of roomy caverns, 
though many beautiful rooms have been discovered, while miles of 
galleries have been visited; but there are thousands of passageways 
leading in all directions — partly closed by stalactites — that have 
never been opened, and with the distant and unexplored openings on 
the opposite side of the mountain the magnitude of the Oregon 
Caves can, be said to be practically unknown. 



NATIONAL MONUMENT BOUNDARY 




In unsuryf/ed T'fS r'26 E. Af. V. 
ee^innin^ trl Corner 

Kit^ Creefi a 

Thence N ZOD c/iaits fe Ccrner /Vo i 
Thence £ ■*0 cf>o,ns 1c Corner No- 3 
Thence S ZiO chains ic Corner Afc 4 
Thence IT W Chcirn. ft Corner No I, 

place of teqinnin^, conioininq approiimafeiy 

BOO Acres 



Fig. 30. — Devils Postpile National Monument, Cal. 

Many small streams are found at different elevations, and larger 
bodies of running water can be heard in pits bottomless so far as 
measured (by 300-foot line). This running water probably ac- 
counts for currents of wind that in some of the galleries blow so hard 
as to extinguish an open light at once. 

The lime deposits take many beautiful forms— massive pillars, 
delicate stalactites of alabaster whiteness with the cr;^stal drop of 
water carrying its minute deposit of lime from which they are 
formed, and broad sheets resembling drapery with graceful curves 
and^ waves that were certainly made bj^ varying currents of wind 
during formation. 

The Forest Service has rebuilt and improved the trails leading to 
the caves from each side of the divide in order to more easily pro- 



48 EEPOET ON PLATT AXD WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS, ETC. 

tect the valuable forest surrounding and to make the caves more 
accessible to tourists. 

DEVILS POSTPILE NATIONAL MONUMENT, CAL. 

The Devils Postpile consists of basaltic rocks laid clown in the form 
of an immense pile of posts, and while there are similar formations in 
different parts of the countr}^, this is especially prominent, being one 
of the most noted of its kind on the continent and said to rank with 
the famous Giants Causeway on the coast of Antrim, in the north of 
Ireland. 

Below the postpile and above the junction of King Creek and the 
middle fork of the San Joaquin River is Rainbow Falls, similar to 
the well-known Vernal Falls of the Yosemite Valley, and one of the 
few of its kind on the continent. 



BIRD RESERVES. 

All of the bird reserves have been created through reference from 
the Interior Department to the President of forms of Executive 
orders providing therefor. These reserves are regarded as in all 
essential particulars reservations of public lands for public use or 
other purposes, for which there are numerous precedents. The first 
specific act of Congress providing for the protection of birds by bird 
reserves created by Executive order was introduced by Hon. John F. 
Lacy, of Iowa, and became a law on June 28, 1906. (34 Stat., 536.) 
This act made it unlawful to kill birds, to take their eggs, or to will- 
fully disturb birds upon the reservations, and it provides a fine of 
not exceeding $500 or imprisonment for not exceeding six months, 
or both fine and imprisonment, for each conviction secured. This law 
was substantially reenacted in the new penal code approved March 4^ 
1909 (35 Stat., 1104), in the following language: 

Sec. 84. Whoever shall hnut, capture, wilfully disturb, or kill any bird of any 
kind whatever, or take the eggs of any such bird, on any lands of the United 
States which have been set apart or reserved as breeding grounds for birds by 
any law, proclamation, or Executive order, except under such rules and regula- 
tions as the Secretary of Agriculture may from time to time prescribe, shall be 
fined not more than five hundred dollars or imprisoned not more than six 
months, or both. 

The reservations now existing, which are being administered under 
the direction of the Biological Survey, Department of Agriculture, 
are 56 in number, as follows : 

Bird reserves created. 



Name of reservation. 


Date. 


Location. 


Area. 


Pelican Island 


Mar. 14,1903 
/Oct. 4,1904 
\Nov. 11,1905 
Mar. 9, 1905 
Oct. 10,1905 
do 






Breton Island 


|Southeast coast of Louisiana 




Stump Lake 


27.39 acres. 


Huron Islands 


Lake Superior, Mich 




Siskiwit Islands 


do 


Do. 


Passage Key 


do 




36. .37 acres. 


Indian Key 


Feb. 10,1906 
Aug. 8, 1907 
Aug. 17,1907 
Oct. 14,1907 
Oct. 23,1907 
do 


do. . . . ." 

Mouths of Mississippi River, La 




Tern Islands . . 




Shell Keys 


Do. 


Three Arch Rocks 




Do. 


Flattery Rocks 




Do. 


Quillayute Needles 


do 


Do. 



EEPOET ON PLATT AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAEKS^ ETC. 49 

Bird reserves created — Continued. 



Name of reservation. 


Date. 


Location. 


Area. 




Oct. 23,1907 
Dec. 7, 1907 
Feb. 24,1908 
Apr. 6, 1908 
Aug. 8,1908 
do 


West Washington coast 


Unknown. 




South Louisiana coast 


Do. 




East Florida coast 


Do. 




Florida Keys, Fla 


Do. 




Oregon and California 


Do. 




Florida Keys, Fla 


Do. 




Aug. 18,1908 
Aug. 28,1908 
Sept. 15,1908 
Sept. 26, 1908 
do 


Oregon 


Do. 




North Dakota 


Do. 




West Florida coast 


Do. 




do 


Do. 




do 


Do. 




Oct. 23,1908 
Oct. 26,1908 
Feb. 3,1909 
Feb. 25,1909 
.... do 


Florida 


Do. 




W vomiae 


Do. 




Hawaii 


Do. 


East Park 


California 


Do. 


Cold Springs 


Oregon... 


Do. 




do 


Wyoming 


Do. 


Pathiinder 


do 


do 


Do. 


Bellefourelie 


do 


South Dakota 


Do. 




do 


Utah 


Do. 




do 


Arizona 


Do. 


Deer Flat 


do 


Idaho 


Do. 




do 


do 


Do. 


Willow Creek 


do 


Montana 


Do. 




do 


New Mexico 


Do 




do 


do 


Do 


Keechelus Lake. . 


do .. 


Washington 


Do. 


Kachess Lake 


do 


do 


Do. 




do 


do 


Do. 


Bumping Lake 


do . 


do 


Do. 




do 


do 


Do. 


Bering Sea 


Feb. 27,1909 
do 




Do. 


Pribilof 


do 


Do. 


Tuxedni 


do 


. ..do 


Do. 


Farallon 


do 




Do. 


Culebra .... 


do . 


Porto Rico 


Do. 


Yukon Delta 


. . do 


Alaska 


Do. 




do 


do 


Do. 


Bogoslof 


Mar. 2, 1909 
Apr. 11,1911 
Jan. 11,1912 
do 


do 


Do. 


Clear Lake 


California 


Do. 


Forrester Island 


Alaska : 


Do. 


Hazv Islands 


do 


Do. 


Niobrara 


. . do . . 


Nebraska ... 


1 14,640 acres. 
1.87 acres. 


Green Bay 


Feb. 21,1912 


Wisconsin 









^ Approximate area. 
BIRD RESERVES ENLARGED AND REDUCED. 



Pelican Island. 
Mosquito Inlet 
Cold Springs... 
Clear Lake . . . . 

Minidoka 

Niobrara 




Florida (enlarged) . . 
....do 

Oregon (enlarged) . . . 
California (reduced). 

Idaho (enlarged) 

Nebraska (enlarged) 



Unknown. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
1 15,253.7 acres. 



^ Approximate area. 

Four new bird reserves were created during the year, viz, For- 
rester Island and Hazy Islands, in Alaska ; the Niobrara Eeserve, in 
ISTebraska (which has since been enlarged) ; and the Green Bay 
Eeserve in Wisconsin. The three reserves first named were created 
on January 11, 1912, and the last on February 21, 1912. A number 
of these reservations lie within tracts reserved or set aside for pur- 
poses other than the protection of birds, such as reclamation with- 
drawals and naval reserves, but in all such cases the administration 
of the bird reservation is made subject to the use of the reservation 
under the primary and more important segregation. 



o 



REPORT ON 

WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARK, SULLYS HILL 

PARK, CASA GRANDE RUIN, MUIR WOODS, 

PETRIFIED FOREST, AND OTHER NATIONAL 

MONUMENTS, INCLUDING LIST OF 

BIRD RESERVES 



1913 



COMPILED IN THE OFFICE OP 

THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR 




WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1914 



REPORT ON 

WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARK, SULLYS HILL 

PARK, CASA GRANDE RUIN, MUIR WOODS, 

PETRIFIED FOREST, AND OTHER NATIONAL 

MONUMENTS, INCLUDING LIST OF 

BIRD RESERVES 



1913 



COMPILED IN THE OFFICE OF 

THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR 




WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1914 



[1- \(oO> 



D. OF D. 

JUN 6 1914 



4- 



CONTEE^TS. 



Page. 

Wind Cave National Park 3 

General Regulations of March 30, 1912 4 

Regulations of March 30, 1912, governing the impounding and disposition 

of loose live stock _ 6 

Sullys HUl Park ' 7 

Casa Grande Ruin 8 

National monuments and preservation of American antiquities 10 

General statement 10 

Permits for archaeological exploration 12 

Muir Woods National Monument 13 

Petrified Forest of Arizona 15 

Navajo National Monument 17 

Chaco Canyon National Monument i 19 

Rainbow Bridge National Monument 19 

El Morro National Monument 20 

Lewis and Clark Cavern National Monument 22 

Tumacacori National Monument 24 

Montezuma Castle National Monument 25 

Natural Bridges National Monument 26 

Gran Quivira National Monument 27 

Mukuntuweap National Monument 28 

Shoshone Cavern National Monument 28 

Sitka National Monument 28 ■ 

Devils Tower National Monument 31 

Pinnacles National Monument 32 

Colorado National Monument 33 

Cinder Cone National Monument 33 

Lassen Peak National Monument 33 

Gila Cliff-Dwellings National Monument 34 

Tonto National Monument 34 

Grand Canyon National Monument 36 

Jewel Cave National Monument 37 

Wheeler National Monument 39 

Mount Olympus National Monument 41 

Oregon Caves National Monument 41 

Devils Postpile National Monument 44 

Bird Reserves 45 

in 



ILLUSTEATIOKS. 



Page. 

Map of Wind Cave National Park, Soutli Dakota 3 

Fig. 1. SuUys Hill Park, North Dakota 7 

2. Casa Grande Ruin Reservation, Arizona 8 

3. Muir Woods National Monument, California 14 

4. Petrified Forest National Monument, Arizona 16 

5. Navajo National Monument, Arizona 17 

6. Navajo National Monument, Arizona (as amended by proclamation 

March 14, 1912) 18 

7. Chaco Canyon National Monument, New Mexico 19 

8. Rainbow Bridge National Monument, Utah 20 

9. El Morro National Monument, New Mexico 21 

10. Lewis and Clark Cavern National Monument, Montana 23 

11. Tumacacori National Monument, Arizona 24 

12. Montezuma Castle National Monument, Arizona 25 

13. Natural Bridges National Monument, Utah 26 

14. Gran Quivira National Monument, New Mexico 27 

15. Mukuntuweap National Monument, Utah 29 

16. Shoshone Cavern National Monument, Wyoming 30 

17. Sitka National Monument, Alaska 31 

18. Devils Tower National Monument, Wyoming 32 

19. Pinnacles National Monument, California 33 

20. Colorado National Monument, Colorado 34 

21. Cinder Cone National Monument, California 35 

22. Lassen Peak National Monument, California 35 

23. Gila Cliff-Dwellings National Monument, New Mexico 36 

24. Tonto National Monument, Arizona 37 

25. Grand Canyon National Monument, Arizona 38 

26. Jewel Cave National Monument, South Dakota 39 

27. Wheeler National Monument, Colorado 40 

28. Mount Olympus National Monument, Washington 42 

29. Oregon Caves National Monument, Oregon 43 

30. Devils Postpile National Monument, California 44 

IV 



REPORT ON WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARK, SULLYS HILL 
PARK CASA GRANDE RUIN, MUIR WOODS, PETRIFIED 
FOREST, AND OTHER NATIONAL MONUMENTS, TOGETHER 
WITH LIST OF BIRD RESERVES. 



WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARK. 

The act of Congress approved January 9, 1903 (32 Stat., 765), 
reserved a tract of land containing 10,522 acres in the State of South 
Dakota, 12 miles east of the town of Hot Springs and about the same 
distance southeast of Custer, as a public park, to be known as the 
Wind Cave National Park. 

At the time of the creation of the park there were 10 entries cover- 
ing lands within the park, aggregating 1,519.15 acres. Thereafter 
up to 1913, the Government had secured title to all lands within the 
park excepting the NE. i NW. i and NW. i NE. I sec. 35, T. 5 S., 
R. 5 E., Black Hills meridian, embracing 80 acres, patented to 
Jonathan C. West on December 31, 1904. This land, however, has 
since been purchased by the Government from W. A. Rankin, the 
last owner, and now forms part of the game preserve established by 
the act approved August 10, 1912 (37 Stat., 293), to which reference 
is made hereafter. 

Mr. A. C. Boland acted as superintendent of this park from May 
1, 1911, until November 15, 1913, when he resigned. He was suc- 
ceeded on December 2, 1913, by Mr. F. M. Dille, the present acting 
superintendent. 

During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913, 3,988 tourists entered 
the park, an increase of 789 over the preceding year, of whom 2,155 
came in licensed vehicles and the remainder in private conveyances. 
More than a hundred privately owned automobiles passed through 
the park. No stock was driven through the park. 

Nine permits were granted for transportation of passengers through 
the park, at the rate of $50 per vehicle, all of which were for use of 
automobiles. 

The roads and bridges in the park are in good condition, but there 
is need of constant repair work to the roads, especially after rains. 

The buildings in the park consist of superintendent's house and 
barn, blacksmith shop, and registration office and dressing rooms, 
all in good condition; also a cave house (through which entrance 
to the cave is effected), which requires some minor repairs. During 
the year the old hotel building opposite the superintendent's house 
was torn down, and a registration office built on its site, the same 
being a frame building 20 by 40 feet, one story high, with double 
floor, ceiled and painted inside, shingled, painted, and sided. Within 
the cave the bridges, stairs, and paths are in good condition. 

The park water system is in good condition, and the supply has 
been sufficient for all purposes. Plans have been made for a cement 

3 



WIND CA\^ NATIONAL PARR 

Embracing Sections 34, 35 and 36. T. 5 5., R.5; 
Sections l,2.3.LLof4, E'EofS.and See's 10,1 1, 12.13. 14, l5,Ei 
of I6.T.5 5.,R 5. Section 31. T. 5 5.. R.6; Sections 6 
and 7 T. 6 5., R.6, 
All Eastof BLACK HILLS MERIDIAN 

SOUTH DAKOTA 




«SM 14. ( To (:l.-.- jvu 



4 NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOK NATIONAL PARKS. 

reservoir to be built near the superintendent's house, which when 
completed will permit water to be run into the house, registration 
office, and to any place on the grounds. 

On account of lack of appropriation by Congress for maintenance 
of the park during the fiscal year 1913, it was impossible to do much 
improvement work. 

A new telephone line was built by the Peoples Telephone & Tele- 
graph Co., of Hot Springs, S. Dak., from the south boundary of the 
park to the superintendent's house, making it possible to have direct 
connection with Hot Springs and all lines connecting at that point. 

A national game preserve has been established in the Wind Cave 
National Park under the provisions of ''An act making appropria- 
tions for the Department of Agriculture for the fiscal year ending 
June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and thirteen," approved August 10, 
1912 (37 Stat., 293), as follows: 

For the establishment of a national game preserve^ to be known as the Wind Cave 
National Game Preserve, upon the land embraced within the boundaries of the Wind 
Cave National Park, in the State of South Dakota, for a permanent national range 
for a herd of buffalo to be presented to the United States by the American Bison 
Society, and for such other native American game animals as may be placed therein. 
The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to acquire by purchase or condemnation 
Bucb adjacent lands as may be necessary for the purpose of assuring an adequate, 
permanent water supply and to inclose the said game preserve with a good and sub- 
stantial fence and to erect thereon all necessary sheds and buildings for the proper 
care and maintenance of the said animals, twenty-six thousand dollars, to be available 
until expended. 

Estimates have been submitted to Congress for protection and 
improvement of the Wind Cave National Park during the fiscal 
year commencing July 1, 1914, in total sum of $2,500, covering 
repairs and maintenance of roads and bridges ($500); a similar 
amount for improvements and repairs to the cave; improvements of 
grounds ($250); general repair and upkeep of the park water system 
($200); for telephone service ($50); and for salary of superintendent 
($1,000). 

GENERAL REGULATIONS OF MARCH 30, 1912. 

Pursuant to authority conferred by the act of Congress approved 
January 9, 1903, the following rules and regulations for the govern- 
ment of the Wind Cave National Park, in South Dakota, are hereby 
established and made public : 

1. It is forbidden to remove or injure the specimens or formations 
in and around the Wind Cave, or to deface the same by written in- 
scription or otherwise, or to injure or disturb in any manner or carry 
off any of the mineral deposits, specimens, natural curiosities, or 
wonders on the Government lands within the park. 

2. No person shall be permitted to enter tne cave unless accom- 
panied by the superintendent or other park employee, or by compe- 
tent guides. 

3. It is forbidden to cut or injure any timber growing on the park 
lands, or to deface or injure any Government property. Camping 
parties will be allowed to use dead or fallen timber lor fuel. 

4. Fires should be lighted only when necessary and completely 
extinguished when no longer required. The utmost care must be 
exercised at all times to avoid setting fire to the timber and grass. 



NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOE NATIONAL PARKS. 5 

5. Hunting or killing, wounding, or capturing any bird or wild 
animal on the park lands, except dangerous animals when necessary 
to prevent them from destroying life or inflicting an injury, is pro- 
hibited. The outfits, including guns, traps, teams, horses, or means 
of transportation used by persons engaged in hunting, killing, trap- 
ping, ensnaring, or capturing such birds or wild animals, or in pos- 
session of game killed on the park lands imder other circumstances 
than prescribed above, will be taken up by the superintendent and 
held subject to the order of the Secretary of the Interior, except in 
cases where it is shown by satisfactory evidence that the outfit is 
not the property of the person or persons violating this regulation 
and the actual owner thereof was not a party to such violation. 
Firearms will only be permitted in the park on written permission 
from the superintendent thereof. 

6. Fishing in any other way than with hook and line is forbidden^ 
and may be prohibited by order of the superintendent in any of the 
waters of the park, or Umited therein to any specified season of the 
year, until otherwise ordered by the Secretary of the Interior. Fish- 
ing for purposes of merchandise or profit is forbidden. All fish less 
than 8 inches in length should at once be returned to the water with 
the least damage possible to the fish. Fish that are to be retained 
must be at once killed by a blow on the back of the head or by thrust- 
ing a knife or other sharp instrument into the head. 

7. No person will be perroitted to reside permanently, engage in 
any business, or erect buildings, etc., upon the Government lands in 
the park, without permission, in writing, from the Secretary of the 
Interior. The superintendent may grant authority to competent 
persons to act as guides and revoke the same in his discretion. No 
pack trains will be allowed in the park unless in charge of a duly 
registered guide. 

8. Owners of patented lands within the park limits are entitled to 
the full use and enjoyment thereof; the boundaries of such lands, 
however, must be determined, and marked and defined, so that they 
may be readily distinguished from the park lands. While no limi- 
tations or conditions are imposed upon the use of such private lands 
so long as such use does not interfere with or injure the park, private 
owners must provide against trespass by their stock or cattle, or 
otherwise, upon the park lands, and all trespasses committed will be 
punished to the full extent of the law. Stock may be taken over the 
park lands to patented private lands with the written permission and 
under the supervision of the superintendent, but such permission and 
supervision are not required when access to such private lands is had 
whoUy over roads or lands not owned or controlled by the United 
States. 

9. Allowing the running at large, herding, or grazing of cattle or 
stock of any kind on the Government lands in the park, as well as 
the driving of such stock or cattle over same, is strictly forbidden, 
except where authority therefor has been granted by the superin- 
tendent. All cattle or stock found trespassing on the park lands will 
be impounded and disposed of as directed in regulations approved 
March 30, 1912. 

10. No drinking saloon or barroom wiU be permitted upon Gov- 
ernment lands in the park. 



6 NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOR NATIONAL PARKS. 

11. Private notices or advertisements shall not be posted or dis- 
played on the Government lands within the reservation, except such 
as may be necessary for the convenience and guidance of the public. 

12. Persons who render themselves obnoxious by disorderly con- 
duct or bad behavior, or who violate any of the foregoing rules, will 
be summarily removed from the park and will not be allowed to 
return without permission, in writing, from the Secretary of the 
Interior or the superintendent of the park. 

No lessee or hcensee shaU retain in his employ any person whose 
presence in the park shall be deemed and declared by the superin- 
tendent to be subversive of the good order and management of the 
reservation. 

13. Any person who violates any of the foregoing regulations will 
be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction, be fined 
not more than $1,000, or be imprisoned not more than 12 months, or 
both, in the discretion of the court, as provided by the act creating 
the park. 

14. The superintendent designated by the Secretary is hereby 
authorized and directed to remove aU trespassers from the Govern- 
ment lands in the park and enforce these rules and regulations and 
all the provisions of the act of Congress aforesaid. 

REGULATIONS OF MARCH 30, 1912, GOVERNING THE IMPOUNDING 
AND DISPOSITION OF LOOSE LIVE STOCK. 

Horses, cattle, or other domestic live stock running at large or 
being herded or grazed on Government lands in the Wind Cave Na- 
tional Park without authority therefor wiU be taken up and im- 
pounded by the superintendent, who will at once give notice thereof 
to the owner, if known. If the owner is not known, notice of such 
impounding, giving a description of the animal or animals, with the 
brands thereon, wiU be posted in six public places inside the park 
and in two pubhc places outside the park. Any owner of an animal 
thus impounded may, at any time before the sale thereof, reclaim the 
same upon proving ownership and paying the cost of notice and all 
expenses incident to the taking up and detention of such animal, in- 
cluding the cost of feeding and caring for the same. If any animal 
thus impounded shall not be reclaimed within 30 days from notice 
to the owner or from the date of posting notices, it shall be sold at 
public auction at such time and place as may be fixed by the superin- 
tendent after 10 days' notice, to be given by posting notices in six 
public places in the park and two public places outside the park, and 
by mailing to the owner, if known, a copy thereof. 

All money received from the sale of such animals and remaining 
after the payment of all expenses incident to the taking up, im- 
pounding, and selhng thereof shall be carefully retained by the 
superintendent in a separate fund for a period of six months, during 
which time the net proceeds from the sale of any animal may be 
claimed by and paid to the owner upon the presentation of satisfac- 
tory proof of ownership, and if not so claimed within six months 
from the date of sale such proceeds shall be turned into the Wind 
Cave National Park fund . 

The superintendent shall keep a record in which shall be set down 
a description of all animals impounded, giving the brands found on 



:N"ATIO]SrAL MONUMENTS AND MINOR NATIONAL PABKS. 7 

them, the date and locality of the taking up, the date of all notices 
and manner in which they were given, the date of sale, the name and 
address of the purchaser, the amount for which each animal was sold 
and the cost incurred in connection therewith, and the disposition of 
the proceeds. 

The superintendent will, in each instance, make every reasonable 
effort to ascertain the owner of animals impounded and to give 
actual notice thereof to such owner. 

SULLYS HILL PARK. 

This reservation, set aside by Executive proclamation dated June 
2, 1904, under the act approved April 27, 1904 (33 Stat., 319), con- 



Scale -20 Chains -1 inch 




Township No. 152 North, Ran§e No. 65 West. 
Fig. 1.— Map of Sullys Hill Park. 

tains about 780 acres. It is located on the south shore of Devils 
Lake, N. Dak., having about 2 miles of shore Hne, with its western 
boundary 1 mile east of the Fort Totten Indian School. Inasmuch 
as no appropriation has been made for the care and protection of this 
reservation, Mr. Charles M. Ziebach, in charge of the Indian indus- 
trial school (Fort Totten), has been continued as acting superin- 
tendent, and required to exercise the necessary supervision and con- 
trol over the same until appropriation is made therefor by Congress. 

42854r— 14 2 



8 NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOR NATIONAL PAEKS. 

The tract is well wooded and has an ample supply of water and 
many rugged hills, among which, on the western boundary, lies what 
is known as Sullys Hill. In the southwestern part is a small body 
of water known as Sweet Water Lake, west of which the surface is 
generally level and the soil good. The acting superintendent in his 
report for 1913 states: 

No appropriation has been made by Congress for the improvement or maintenance 
of this park since the date of its creation, and nothing has been done toward building 
permanent roads or otherwise making this site attractive. It is estimated that an 
aggregate of 300 people visited this park during the past year, a very small portion 
of them spending a single night there, as there are no other attractions than its natural 
beauties. By means of a small appropriation, this park could be made one of the 
most beautiful and attractive spots in the State of North Dakota, as its natural beauties 
can not be excelled. All that is necessary would be to make some roads so as to be 
easily accessible to the public, as but a small space bordering on a fresh-water lake 
is now frequented by the public as a picnic grounds. A portion of the park should 
be fenced and stocked for a game preserve, as it abounds with a natural growth of 
timber and grass. There should be erected at this place a suitable building for resi- 
dence of a keeper, or guard. There also should be some work done in the shape of 
grubbing out undergrowth, etc., so as to make the place more accessible. This park 
is one of the beauty spots of North Dakota, and should not be left unimproved. 

Estimates for the fiscal year 1915 have been submitted by the 
department to Congress for the protection and improvement of this 
park, covering employment of a guard ($600); for material and 
labor in waHing up springs, ($500); and for labor in grubbing out 
underbrush around Sweet Water Lake and shore line of Devils 
Lake, ($400). 

CASA GRANDE RUIN. 

This reservation is located near Florence, Ariz., about 18 miles 
northeast of Casa Grande station, on the Southern Pacific Railroad, 
and contains about 480 acres. It was set aside by Executive order 
dated June 22, 1892, under the act approved March 2, 1889 (25 Stat., 
961). By presidential proclamation of December 10, 1909, the 
boundaries of the reservation were changed by the eHmination of 
120 acres on which there were no prehistoric ruins and the inclusion 
of a tract of 120 acres adjoining the reservation on the east on which 
are located important mounds of historic and scientific interest. 

Casa Grande is an Indian ruin of undetermined antiquity, which 
was discovered in 1694 by Padre Kino, a Jesuit missionary. This 
great house is said to be the most important ruin of its type in the 
Southwest, and as such it has strong claims for archaeological study, 
repair, and permanent preservation. It is built of puddled clay 
molded into walls and dried in the sun, and is of perishable char- 
acter. The main building was originally five or six stories high and 
covered a space 59 feet by 43 feet 3 inches. The walls have been 
gradually disintegrating, owing to the action of the elements. A 
corrugated iron roof has heretofore been erected over this building 
to protect it, so far as practicable, from further decay. 

Surrounding Casa Grande proper is a rectangular walled inclosure 
or ''compound," having an area of about 2 acres. In this inclosure, 
which has been called Compound A, excavations conducted under 
the Bureau of American Ethnology have resulted in the uncovering 
of a number of buildings or clusters of rooms, and others are known 
to exist, but have not been excavated. Two other compounds were 
discovered and designated, respectively, Compound B and Com- 



NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOR NATIONAL PARKS. 



9 



pound C, but the latter has not been excavated and is still in the 
form of a -mound. These three compounds together constitute what 
is known as the Casa Grande group of ruins. As a result of this 
work, conducted under the Bureau of American Ethnology, the 
points of interest to visitors have been materially augmented. The 
ground plan of the ruin was increased by some 58 rooms, a number 
of plazas and surrounding walls, making the total number of rooms 
now open on the ground floor 100. 



Reservaf/on boun c/ary 




Wa 






CASA GRANDE 






RU 

Seo. 



RESERVATION 




IN 

i6 



i. 









& 



Fig. 2.— Casa Grande Ruin Reservation, Ariz., embracing the NW. \, the NE. \, the N. § of the SW. i, 
and the N. J of the SE. \ of sec. 16, T. 5 S., R. 8 E., Gila and Salt River meridian; set aside by Executive 
order of June 22, 1892, under act of March 2, 1889. 

Mr. Frank Pinkley, the custodian, who resides on the reservation, 
reports the number of visitors during 1913 to have been larger than 
for any year during the past 12 years. Mr. Pinkley was supplied in 
June with a quantity of the department's circular of general informa- 
tion relating to the ruin, which is an abstract from a detailed report 
on the ruin by Prof. J. W. Fewkes, published in the Twenty-eighth 
Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology. It is antici- 
pated that, due to distribution of this circular, the number of visitors 
during 1914 wUl be largely increased. 



10 



NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOR NATIONAL PARKS, 



' The department has submitted to Congress estimates for the fiscal 
year beginning July 1, 1914, for painting of protecting rOof of the 
main ruin, $125; repairing curbing of well, $75; and for providing 
windmill or engine for lifting water for visitors' use, 



NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND PRESERVATION OF 
AMERICAN ANTIQUITIES. 

GENERAL STATEMENT. 

By the act approved June 8, 1906, entitled "An act for the preserva- 
tion of American antiquities," the President of the United States is 
authorized, "in his discretion, to declare by public proclamation his- 
toric landmarks, historic and prehistoric structures, and other objects 
of historic or scientific interest that are situated upon the lands owned 
or controlled by the Government of the United States to be national 
monuments." Under such authority the President has created the 
following monuments : 

National monuments administered by Interior Department. 



Name. 



State. 



Date. 



Area. 



Devils tower 

Montezuma Castle 

El Morro 

Chaco Canyon 

Muir Woods2 

Pinnacles 

Tumacacori 

Mukuntuweap 

Shoshone Cavern 

Natural bridges ^ 

Gran Quivira 

Sitka 

Rainbow Bridge * 

Lewis and Clark Cavern . 

Colorado 

Petrified forest 

Navajo 



Wyoming 

Arizona 

New Mexico. 

do 

Calif omia 

do 

Arizona 

Utah 

Wyoming 

Utah 

New Mexico. 

Alaska 

Utah 

Montana 

Colorado 

Arizona 

do 



Sept. 24,1906 
Dec. 8, 1906 

do 

Mar. 11,1907 
Jan. 9, 1908 
Jan. 16,1908 
Sept. 15, 1908 
July 31,1909 
Sept. 21,1909 
Sept. 25, 1909 
Nov. 1, 1909 
Mar. 23,1910 
May 30,1910 
May 16,1911 
May 24,1911 
July 31,1911 
Mar. 14,1912 



Acres. 

1,152 

160 

160 

1 20, 629 

295 

2,080 

10 

115,840 

210 

1 2, 740 

1160 

157 

160 

160 

13,883 

25, 625 

360 



1 Estimated area. 

2 Donated to the United States. 

3 Originally set aside by proclamation of Apr. 16, 1908, and contained only 120 acres. 
* Within an Indian reservation. 



The following regulations for the protection of national monuments 
were promulgated on November 19, 1910: 

1. Fires are absolutely prohibited. 

2. No firearms are allowed. 

3. No fishing permitted. 

4. Flowers, ferns, or shrubs must not be picked, nor may any 
damage be done to the trees. 

5. Vehicles and horses may be left only at the places designated 
for this purpose. 

6. Lunches may be eaten only at the spots marked out for such 
use, and all refuse and litter must be placed in the receptacles pro- 
vided. 

7. Pollution of the water in any manner is prohibited; it must 
be kept clean enough for drinking purposes. 

8. No drinking saloon or barroom will be permitted. 



NATIOlSrAL MONUMENTS AND MINOB NATIONAL PAEKS. 11 

9. Persons rendering themselves obnoxious by disorderly conduct 
or bad behavior, or who may violate any of the foregoing rules, will 
be summarily removed. 

NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF OFFICERS HAVING SUPERVISION OF NATIONAL MONUMENTS. 

George Hayworth, new customhouse building, San Francisco, Oal.: 

Muir Woods National Monument, Gal. 

Pinnacles National Monument, Cal. 
Gratz W. Helm, Federal building, Los Angeles, Cal.: 

Montezuma Castle National Monument, Ariz. 

Petrified Forest National Monument, Ariz. 

Tumacacori National Monument, Ariz. 

Navajo National Monument, Ariz. 
George E. Hair, Federal building, Salt Lake City, Utah: 

Mukuntuweap National Monument, Utah. 

Natural Bridges National Monument, Utah. 

Rainbow Bridge National Monument, Utah. 
Theo N. Espe, Santa Fe, N. Mex.: 

El Morro National Monument, N. Mex. 

Chaco Canyon National Monument, N. Mex. 

Gran Quivira National Monument, N. Mex.^ 
Ira Lantz, Helena, Mont., Lewis and Clark Cavern National Monument, Mont. 
Adelbert Baker, Chejrenne, Wyo.: 

Devils Tower National Monument, Wyo. 

Shoshone Cavern National Monument, Wyo. 
A. Christensen, special agent in charge field service, Alaska (307 Federal building, 
Seattle, Wash.), Sitka National Monument, Alaska. 

One new monument, Cabrillo National Monument, was created 
October 14, 1913, at Point Loma, of a small tract of land containing 
21,910 square feet which Ues within the military reservation at Fort 
Rosecrans, Cal., the same being of historic interest because of the dis- 
covery of the territory now partly embraced in the State of Cahfornia, 
by Juan Rodriguez CabriUo, who at this point first sighted land on 
September 28, 1542. This monument is under the jurisdiction of the 
War Department. 

Administrative conditions. — The supervision of these various monu- 
ments has, in the absence of any specific appropriation for their 
protection and improvement, necessarily been intrusted to the field 
officers of the department having charge of the territory in which the 
several monuments are located. 

Administrative conditions continue to be unsatisfactory, as no 
appropriation of funds has yet been made available for this im- 
portant, protective, and preservative work. Such supervision as has 
been possible in the cases of a few monuments only has been wholly 
inadequate and has not prevented vandalism, unauthorized exploita- 
tion or spoliation of rehcs found in those prehistoric ruins, whose 
preservation is contemplated by the passage of the act of June 8, 
1906. An estimate in the sum of $5,000 for protection of these monu- 
ments was submitted last year, but no appropriation was made. 

An estimate in similar amount for preservation, development, admin- 
istration, and protection of these national monuments was submitted 
on December 15, 1913 (through the Secretary of the Treasurj^), by the 
Department of the Interior to Congress, and is incorporated in House 
Document No. 506, Sixty-third Congress, second session. This fund is 

1 By arrangement with the Se6retary of Agriculture, the district forester of the Manzano National Forest, 
with headquarters at Albuquerque, N. Mex., has taken charge of patrol and protection of the Gran Quivira 
National Monument, as the Interior Department has no field olBcer in the immediate viciaity of the monu- 
ment. 



12 



NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOR NATIONAL PARKS. 



needed, not so much for the purpose of preserving by restoration the 
objects reserved in the national monuments as to prevent the removal 
of valuable relics and vandalism. Monuments suffering from these 
causes should be provided with a custodian or superintendent, and in 
this way a small general appropriation can be made most useful and 
its expenditure wiU be wholly in the interest of the pubUc. The pro- 
tection and preservation of the national monuments as pubhc reser- 
vations are of great interest and importance because a great variety 
of objects, historic, prehistoric, and scientific in character, are thus 
preserved for public use intact, instead of being exploited by private 
mdividuals for gain and their treasures scattered. These reserves 
should be administered in connection with the national parks, which 
they strongly resemble. It would be difficult to define one in terms 
that would exclude the other. The renewal of the estimate for a 
small appropriation has been made for the purpose of keeping this 
class of reserves intact until such time as Congress shall authorize the 
creation of some administrative unit which shall take over both the 
parks and monuments and administer them under a general appro- 
priation. 

National monuments under other departments. — The following na- 
tional monuments are not administered by the Secretary of the 
Interior : 

National monuments administered by the Department of Agriculture. 



Name. 



State. 



Date. 



Area. 



Cinder Cone 

Lassen Peak 

Gila Cliff dweUings. 

Tonto 

Grand Canyon 

Jewel Cave 

Wheeler 

Oregon Oaves 

Devil Postpile 

Mount Olympus 



California 

do 

New Mexico... 

Arizona 

do 

South Dakota. 

Colorado 

Oregon 

California 

Washington... 



May 6, 1907 

do 

Nov. 16,1907 
Dec. 19,1907 
Jan. 11,1908 
7, 1908 
7, 1908 
12, 1909 
6,1911 



Feb. 
Dec. 
July 
July 



Apr. 17,1912 



Acres. 

1 5, 120 

1 1, 280 

160 

1640 

1806,400 

1 1, 280 

300 

480 

800 

1608,480 



1 Estimated area. 
National monuments administered by the War Department. 



Name. 


State. 


Da'e. 


Area. 


Big Hole Battle Field 


Montana 


June 23, 1910 1 
Oct. 14,1913 2 


Acres. 
5 


Cabrillo 


California , 


1 







1 Set aside by Executive order. - Set aside by presidential proclamation. 

PERMITS FOB ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION. 

The uniform rules and regulations promulgated by the Secretaries 
of the Interior, Agriculture, and War, under date of December 28, 
1906, to carry into effect the general provisions of the act for the 
preservation of American antiquities provides (par. 3) that^ — 

Permits for the excavation of ruins, the excavation of archaeological sites, and 
the gathering of objects of antiquity will be granted, by the respective Secretaries 
having jurisdiction, to reputable museums, universities, colleges, or other recognized 
scientific or educational institutions, or to their duly authorized agents. 



NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOE NATIONAL PARKS. 13 

On July 11, 1913, a permit was granted by the department to 
Prof. Byron Cummings, of the University of Utah, to make examina- 
tions and excavations as continuation of explorations under a similar 
permit granted him by the department on June 26, 1912, within the 
Navajo National Monument, and in the Navajo and Piute Indian 
Reservations, as well as on lands 30 miles northwest of Bluff, Utah. 

On June 18, 1913, another permit was granted by the department 
to Prof. F. W. Putnam, honorary director of the Peabody Museum, 
Harvard University, to make examination and excavation of ruins 
in the Chinlee Valley, west and northwest of Canyon del Muerto, Ariz., 
on behalf of the Peabody Museum. This locality is in the vicinity 
of the Navajo National Monument, and approaches the region of 
Prof. Cummings's explorations. 

Applications for permit for continuation of this work during 1914 
in the regions indicated have been filed with the department by 
Profs. Cummings and Putnam. 

Permits were issued on October 1, 1912, and July 11, 1913, respec- 
tively, to Prof. G. F. Kay, of the State University of Iowa, and Mr. 
Wm. C. Mills, of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, 
to remove specimens of silicified wood to an extent not exceeding 
500 pounds from the Petrified Forest National Monument in Arizona. 

On July 26, 1913, permit was granted Mr. F. W. Hodge, of the 
Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution, to make a 
reconnoissance of the Chaco Canyon National Monument in New 
Mexico, to make photographs of the monument, and to gather col- 
lections among its ruins for the benefit of the United States National 
Museum in Washington. 

MUIR WOODS NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

On December 31, 1907, the Secretary of the Interior, for and on 
behalf of the United States, accepted from WiUiam Kent and his 
wife, Ehzabeth Thatcher Kent, of Chicago, 111., in accordance with 
the act of CongTess approved June 8, 1906, entitled ''An act for the 
preservation of American antiquities," a deed conveying to the 
IJnited States the following-described land, situate in Marin County, 
Cal.: 

Beginning at a stake, A. 7, driven in the center of the road in Redwood Canon 
and located by the following courses and distances from the point of commencement 
of the tract of land, which was conveyed by the Tamalpais Land and Water Company 
to William Kent by a deed dated August 29th, 1905, and recorded in the ofBce of the 
county recorder of Marin County, California, Book 95 of Deeds at page 58, towit: 
North eighteen degrees thirty-two minutes, east two hundred thirty-two and sixty- 
four hundredths feet, north sixty-six degrees thirty minutes, west one hundred sixty- 
seven and thirty-four hundredths feet, north eighty-six degrees twenty-five minutes, 
west ninety-eight and sixty-two hundredths feet, north seventy degrees no minutes, 
west two hundred forty-one and seven hundredths feet, north fifty-seven degrees 
twenty-nine minutes, west one hundred seventy-eight and three-hundredths feet, 
north forty-six degrees twenty-two minutes, west two hundred thirty-five and thirty- 
nine hundredths feet, and north twenty-four degrees twenty-five minutes, west two 
hundred twenty-five and fifty-six hundredths feet; thence from said stake, A. 7, the 
point of beginning, south fifty-four degrees nineteen minutes, west fourteen hundred 
eighty-two and seven-tenths feet to Station A. 8, from which Station 4 of the survey of 
the tract of land conveyed to William Kent as aforesaid bears south fifty-fourdegrees 
nineteen minutes, west three hundred ten feet distant; thence froni said Station A. 8 
north forty-seven degreed thirty minutes, west twenty-six hundred eighty feet; thence 
due west six hundred fifty and eight-tenths feet; thence north fifty-two degrees thirty 
minutes, west eleven hundred feet; thence north nineteen degrees forty-five minutes, 



14 



NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOR NATIONAL PARKS. 



west ten hundred fifty-eight and four-tenths feet to Station A. 12, from which Station 
16 of the survey of the tract of land conveyed to William Kent as aforesaid bears south 
eighty-three degrees forty-two minutes, west three hundred ten feet distant; thence 
north eighty-three degrees forty-two minutes, east thirty-one hundred nine and two- 
tenths feet; thence north fifty-five degrees twenty -eight minutes, east fifteen hundred 
fifty feet to an iron bolt, three-quarters of an inch in diameter and thirty inches long, 
Station 14; thence south seventeen degrees eighteen minutes, east twenty-eight 
hundred twenty and nine-tenths feet; thence south four degrees ten minutes, east nine 
hundred thirty feet to a stake, A. 16, driven in the center of a graded road; and thence 
south forty-five degrees seventeen minutes, west two hundred ninety-eight and five- 
tenths feet to said stake A. 7, the place of beginning. Containing an area of two hun- 
dred ninety -five acres, a little more or less. 




Fig. 3.— Muir Woods National Monument, Cal., in T. 1 N., R. 6 W., Mount Diablo meridian; created 

January 9, 1908. 

On January 9, 1908, tlie President, by virtue of the power and au- 
thority vested in him by section 2 of said act, declared, proclaimed, 
and set apart the lands described as a ''national monument to be 
known and recognized as Muir Woods National Monument." The 
Secretary of the Interior had, prior to the date last mentioned, with- 
drawn the lands from entry or sale. 

On September 10, 1908, the department prescribed regulations as 
follows for the government and protection of said monument: 

The following rules and regulations for the government of the Muir Woods National 
Monument, in the State of California, set side under the provisions of the act of 
Congress approved June 8, 1906, are hereby established and made public pursuant to 
the authority conferred by said act: 

1. Fires are absolutely prohibited. 

2. No firearms allowed. 

3. No fishing permitted. 



NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOE NATIONAL PARKS. 15 

4. Flowers, ferns, or shrubs must not be picked, nor may any damage be done to 
the trees. 

5. Vehicles and horses may be left only at the places designated for this purpose. 

6. Lunches may be e^ten only at the spots marked out for such use, and all refuse 
and litter must be placed in the receptacles provided. 

7. Pollution of the water ia any manner is prohibited. It must be kept clean 
enough for drinking piirposes. 

8. No drinking saloon or barroom will be permitted. 

9. Persons rendering themselves obnoxious by disorderly conduct or bad behavior, 
or who may violate any of the foregoing rules, will be summarily removed. 

While the sundry civil act approved May 27, 1908 (35 Stat., 317), 
was pending before Congress attention was called to the fact that no 
provision was made for the salaries of custodians or for other protec- 
tion of national monuments, as recommended in the estimates for 
these services, and that the department would be embarrassed in its 
efforts to protect monuments from vandalism and unauthorized 
exploration and spoliation because of a lack of funds. The depart- 
ment had recommended an appropriation of $5,000 for these purposes. 
No appropriation, however, was made by Congress for the purpose. 
On July 11, 1910, Andrew Lind, of California, was appointed custo- 
dian of the Miiir Woods National Monument, at a salary of $900 per 
annum, payable from the appropriation ''Protection of public lands 
and timber," and he is still in charge. 

These lands consist of one of the most noted redwood groves in the 
State of California, and were held in private ownership by Mr. Kent. 
The tract is of great scientific interest, contains manj^ redwood trees 
which have grown to a height of 300 feet and have a diameter at the 
butt of 18 feet or more. It is located in a direct line about 7 miles 
from San Francisco, Cal., and is in close proximity to a large and 
growing suburban population. 

In Mr. Lind's report for the year he states: 

During the fiscal year 1913 the amount of $972.50 was expended on account of the 
Muir Woods National Monument, the entire amount being expended in payment for 
services of the custodian and his assistant. Both have been engaged exclusively in 
patrolling the park, enforcing the rules and regulations governing national monuments, 
and in removiug fallen trees, branches, etc., from roads and trails. Is is estimated 
that approximately 40,000 people visited the park during the fiscal year 1913. 

The roads and trails are in fair condition, with the exception of the main road 
which, for the most part of it, needs to be filled with gravel. The brush cleaned from 
the fire lines during Jime, 1912, was burned without additional expense during the 
months of January and February, 1913. During the month of June, 1913, Muir Inn, 
which was situated about one-fourth mile from Muir Woods, was destroyed by fire. 
Previous to the fire there was a telephone line between Muir Inn and the house occu- 
pied by the custodian, the instruments at both ends of the line being owned by the 
Government. The instrument installed in Muir Inn was destroyed and there is now 
no telephone connection to Muir Woods. 

It is very important that the fire lines be cleaned during the coming fall; the work 
should be done during the months of November and December, when the brush can 
be burned as soon as removed from the fire lines. 

PETRIFIED FOREST OF ARIZONA. 

The Petrified Forest of Arizona lies in the area between the Little 
Colorado River and the Rio Puerco, 15 miles east of their junction 
and 6 miles south of Adamana, a station on the Santa Fe Pacific 
Railroad, from which place it is accessible by horse or vehicle. This 
area is of great interest because of the abundance of petrified conifer- 
ous trees, as well as its scenic features. The trees lie scattered about 
in great profusion; none, however, stands erect in its original place 
of growth, as do many of the petrified trees in the Yellowstone 
42854—14 3 



16 



NATIOiiTAL MONUMENTS AND MINOR NATIONAL PARKS. 



National Park. The trees probably at one time grew beside an inland 
sea; after falling they became waterlogged, and during decomposition 
the cell structure of the wood was entirely replaced by silica derived 
from sandstone in the surrounding land. Over a greater part of the 
entire area trees he scattered in all conceivable positions and in frag- 
ments of all sizes. Perhaps the most prominent of all the scenic 
features of the region is the well-known Natural Bridge, consisting 

'TTTTT Reservation Boundary — County Boundary<£SbCotlectm| Grounds 




Fig. 4. — Petrified Forest National Monument, Ariz., embracing sees. 1, 2, 11, and 12 and E. i sees. 3 and 10; 
T. 16 N., R. 23 E.; sees. 4 to 9 and W. \ sees. 3 and 10, T. 16 N., R. 24 E.; sees. 34, 35, 36, T. 17 N., R. 23 E., 
sees. 3 to 10, 15 to 22, 27 to 33, and W. \ sees. 2, 11, 14, 23, 26, T. 17 N., R. 24 E., Gila and Salt River 
meridian, containing 40.04 square miles, set aside by proclamation of the President July 31, 1911. 

of a great petrified trunk lying across a canyon 45 feet in width and 
forming a footbridge over which anyone may easily pass. 

Prof. Lester F. Ward, of the Geological Survey, has stated that — 

There Ib no other petrified forest in which the wood assumes bo many varied and 
interesting forms and colors, and it is these that present the chief attraction for the 
general public. The state of mineralization in which much of this wood exists almost 
places them among the gems or precious stones. Not only are chalcedony, opals, and 
agates found among them, but many approach the condition of jasper and onyx. The 
degree of hardness attained by them is such that they are said to make an excellent 
quality of emery. 



NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOR NATIONAL PARKS. 



17 



Dr. Walter Hough, of the Smithsonian Institution, who visited 
this monument, states that— 

In the celebrated Petrified Forest, wliicla is some 18 miles from Holbrook, Ariz., 
on the picturesque Santa Fe Railroad, there are ruins of several ancient Indian vil- 
lages. These villages are small, in some cases having merely a few houses, but what 
gives them a peculiar interest is tliat they were built of logs of beautiful fossil wood. 
* * * The prehistoric dwellers of the land selected cylinders of uniform size, 
which were seemingly determined by the carrying strength of a man. It is probable 
that prehistoric builders never chose more beautiful stones for the construction of 
their habitations than the trunks of the trees which flourished ages before man 
appeared on the earth. 

This wood agate also furnished material for stone hammers, arrowheads, and knives, 
which are often found in ruins hundreds of miles from the forest. 

NAVAJO NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

The Navajo National Monument as originally created by procla- 
mation of March 20, 1909, em.braced approximately 600 acres within 





ShantoSp. 



^j"'"" fSqltSp. 

N AV/^ J /f T«JD I A N RESERX^ATtp 



ve J'"' f^^s, 



HO'Pl (^!OQUI) INDIAN RESEKVATION 



N 



4.,. 



Fig. 5. — Navajo National Monument, Ariz., embracing all cliff-dwelling and pueblo ruins between the 
parallel of latitude 36° 30' and 37° north and longitude 110° and 110° 45' west from Greenwich, with 40 
acres of land in square form around each of said ruins; as originally created March 20, 1909. 

the Navajo Indian Reservation, which was reserved tentatively and 
■svith a view to reduction to such small tract or tracts as might there- 
after be found to contain valuable prehistoric pueblo or cliff dwell- 
ings, when the extent of the same could be determined by an exami- 
nation on the ground and their locus definitely fixed by traverse 



18 



NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOR NATIONAL PARKS. 



lines connecting them with some corner of the public survey. Both 
of these conditions having been fulfilled, the monument was reduced 
by proclamation dated March 14, 1912, to three small tracts aggre- 
gating 360 acres. Within two of these tracts are located, respec- 
tively, two interesting and extensive pueblo or cliff-dwelling ruins 
in a good state of preservation and known as Betata Kin and Keet 




Fig. 6. — Navajo National Monument, Ariz., containing 3fi0 acres, embracing the Keet Seel and Betata Kin 
ruins, located in two small tracts of 160 acres each, along Laguna Creek, and Inscription House ruins, 
on Navajo Creek, in a 40-acre tract, all within the Navaio Indian Reservation, as reduced bv proclama- 
tion of March 14, 1912. 

Seel, and a third cliff-dwelling ruin called Inscription House, located 
on Navajo Creek. Inscription House is regarded as extraordinary, 
not only because of its good state of preservation but because of the 
fact that upon the walls of its rooms were found inscriptions written 
in Spanish by early explorers and plainly dated 1661. 

The new boundaries of the Navajo National Monument under the 
latter proclamation are shown in fig. 6. 



NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOR NATIONAL PAEKS. 



19 



CHACO CANYON NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

These remarkable relics of an unknown people embrace numerous 
communal or pueblo dwellings built of stone, among which is the 
ruin known as Pueblo Bonito, containing, as it originally stood, 1,200 
rooms and being the largest prehistoric ruin yet discovered in the 
Southwest. Numerous other ruins, containing from 50 to 100 or 
more rooms, are scattered along Chaco Canyon and tributaries for a 
distance of about 14 miles and upon adjacent territory to the east, 
south, and west of Chaco Canyon many miles farther. The most 
important of these ruins are as follows : Pueblo Bonito, Chettro Kettle, 
Arroyo, New Alto, Old Alto, Kin-Klet Soi, Casa Chiquita, Penasco 
Blanco, Kin-Kla-tzin, Hungo Pavis, Unda Vidie, Weji-gi, Kim-me- 
ni-oli, Kin-yai, Casa Morena, and Pintado. 



T.2IN., R.IIW. 



T.2IN.,R.I0W. 




T2!N.,R.I2W. 



Kimrme*ni'oii 



T,I7N.,R.I2W. 



28 



g^ny,l 



T.I7N.,R.10W. 



T.20N.,R.8W. 






Fig. 7.— Chaco Canyon National Monument, N. Mex., embracing sees. 7 and 8 and 16 to 29, inclusive, 
T. 21 N., R. 10 W.; sees. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 to 14, inclusive, and 17, 19, 20, and 30, T. 21 N., R. 11 W.; S . 
\ see. 12, T. 20 N., R. 8 W.; SE. \ sec. 32, T. 21 N., R. 12 \Y.; SE. \ sec. 28, T. 17 N., R. 12 W.; SE.J 
sec. 17, T. 17 N., R. 10 AV.; New Mexico principal meridian; created March 11, 1907. 



RAINBOW BRIDGE NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

This natural bridge is located within the Navajo Indian Keserva- 
tion, near the southern boundary of Utah, a few miles northwest 
from Navajo Mountain, a well-known peak and landmark, and spans 
a canyon and small stream which drams the northwestern slopes of 
this peak and is of great scientific interest as an example of eccentric 
stream erosion. Among the known extraordinary natural bridges 
of the world, this bridge is unique in that it is not only a symmetrical 
arch below but presents also a curved surface above, thus presenting 
roughly, the character of the rainbow, for which it is named. Its 



20 



JSTATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOR NATIONAL PARKS. 



height above the surface of the water is 309 feet and its span is 278 
feet. 

The existence of this natural wonder was first disclosed to William 
B. Douglass, an examiner of surveys of the General Land Office, on 
August 14, 1909, by a Piute Indian, called "Mike's boy," later "Jim," 
who was employed in connection with the survey of the natural 
bridges in White Canyon, Utah. 




w^m 



i W.OO Chains 



'iaog. IIO'SS ''tS'^3 TC 




r7777777777. Monument Boundary 

Fig. 8. — Rainbow Bridge National Monument, Utah, embracing 160 acres of land in square form, the 
southeast corner of which bears from one hundred and seventy-ninth mile corner on the Utah and Ari- 
zona boundary N. 60° 25' 13" W. 7 miles 67.87 chains distant; created May 30, 1910. 



EL MORRO NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

A feature of great historic interest and importance is the so-called 
El Morro or Inscription Eock, some 35 miles almost due east of Zuni 
Pueblo in western central New Mexico. 

El Morro is an enormous sandstone rock rising a couple of hundred 
feet out of the plain and eroded in such fantastic forms as to give it 
the appearance of a great castle, hence its Spanish name. A small 
spring of water at the rock made it a convenient camping place 
for the Spanish explorers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, 
and the smooth face of the "castle" well adapted it to receive the 
inscriptions of the conquerors of that early period. 

The earliest inscription, and historically the most important, is 
that of Juan de Onate, a colonizer of New Mexico and the founder 
of the city of Santa Fe, in 1606. It was in this year that Onate 
visited El Morro and carved this inscription on his return from a 
trip to the head of the Gulf of California. There are 19 other Span- 
ish inscriptions of almost equal importance, among them that of Don 
Diego de Vargas, who in 1692, reconquered the Pueblo Indians after 
their rebellion against Spanish authority in 1680. 



NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOR NATIONAL PARKS. 



21 



It is not too much to say that no rock formation in the West or 
perhaps in the world is so well adapted to the purpose for which this 
table of stone was used — at least history does not record any collection 
of similar data. Here are records covering two centuries, some of 
which are the only extant memoranda of the early expeditions and 
explorations of what is now the southwestern part of the United 
States. On these smooth walls, usually under some projecting 
stratum, inscriptions were cut by the early conquerors and explorers, 
which have made this rock one among the most interesting objects on 
the continent. 




Fig. 9.- 



-El Morro National Monument, N. Mex., embracing the S. ^ NE. J and N. J SE. J sec. 6, T. 9 N. 
R. 14 W., New Mexico meridian; created December 8, 1906. 



Here, in this remote and uninhabited region, in the shadows of 
one of nature's most unique obelisks, wrapped in the profound silence 
of the desert, with no living thing to break the stillness, it is hard to 
reaUze that 300 years ago these same walls echoed the clank of steel 
harness and coats of mail; that with the implements of Spanish con- 
quest the pathfinders in the New World were carving historical 
records upon the eternal rock. 

Locally Inscription Rock and El Morro are known as separate and 
distinct monumental rocks. The latter, translated The Castle, is the 
rock standing out in bold relief to the east, while Inscription Rock is 
the name applied to the formation to the west, which is a part of the 



22 NATIOJSTAL MONUMENTS AND MINOR NATIONAL PARKS. 

mesa. On the south side m the angle formed by the two, one extend- 
ing east and the other south, is a great chamber or cavern, a natural 
ampliitheater where secure refuge from storm or human foe could 
easily be secured. It is here, too, that the only spring within many 
miles wells up as if to make the natural fortification doubly secure. 
Upon these walls are many of the best preserved Spanish inscriptions, 
although there are quite a number 200 feet east, under the shadows of 
a stately pine tree and on the north side of El Morro. Most of them 
are as plain and apparently as legible as the day they were written; 
especially is this true of the older ones, carved during the sixteenth 
and seventeenth centuries. 

The existence of extensive, prehistoric ruins on the very summit of 
Inscription Rock is another feature of interest. On the top of the 
rock a deep cleft or canyon divides the western end of the formation. 
On each of these arms is the remnant of large communal houses or 
pueblos. Some of the walls are yet standing and the ground plans 
of the structures are well defined. That on the south arm, and almost 
overhanging the cavern and spring, is approximately 200 by 150 feet. 
Some of the buildings must have been more than one story in height. 

The remarkable natural defenses of the site and the existence of 
the spring doubtless induced the builders to select this odd location. 
At some distant day it may be desirable to excavate these ruins and 
thus add to this historic spot attractions for the scientist as well as 
the general public who are interested in scenic and natural curiosities. 

LEWIS AND CLARK CAVERN NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

The feature of this monument is a limestone cavern of great scien- 
tific interest, because ( f its length and because of the number of large 
vaulted chambers it contains. It is of historic interest, also, because 
it overlooks for a distance of more than 50 miles the trail of Lems 
and Clark along the Jefferson River, named by them. The vaults 
of the cavern are magnificently decorated with stalactites and stalag- 
mite formations of great variety in size, form, and color, the equal 
of, if not rivaling, the similar formations in the well-known Luray 
caves in Virginia. 

The cavern is located about 1 mile northeasterly from Limespur, a 
post office in Jefferson County, and a station on the Northern Pacific 
Railroad. Its two entrances, which are about 100 yards apart, are 
upon the walls of a deep canyon about 500 feet below the rim, and 
the cavern extends back therefrom approximately^ half a mile. The 
second proclamation establishing this monument is as follows: 

Whereas the unsurveyed tract of land containing an extraordinary limestone cavern 
and embracing one hundred and sixty acres, situated in township one north, range 
two west of the Montana principal meridian, Montana, and which was created the 
Lewis and Clark Cavern National Monument by proclamation dated the 11th day 
of May, 1908, has recently been definitely located by an official surA'ey thereof, made 
under the direction of the Commissioner of the General Land Office, and such survey 
having determined that the tract in question lies wholly within the limits of the grant 
of the Northern Pacific Railway Company but has not yet been patented to that com- 
pany; 

And whereas, by its quitclaim deed the said Northern Pacific Railway Company 
relinquished Unto the United States all its right, title, and interest to lot twelve, 
section seventeen, township one north, range two west of the Montana principal 
meridian, Montana, the same being the original tract proclaimed a national monu- 
ment, for the purpose of maintaining thereon the said Lewis and Clark Cavern National 



NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOE NATIONAL PARKS. 



23 



Monument, under the condition that the instrument of relinquishment shall become 
void and the premises immediately revert to the grantor should the monument no 
longer be maintained. 

Now, therefore, I, William H. Taft, President of the United States of America, by 
vii-tue of the power in me vested by section two of the act of Congress approved June 8, 
1906, entitled "An act for the preservation of American antiquities," do hereby set 
aside and confirm as the Lewis and Clark Cavern National Monument the s'aid tract, 
embracing one hundred and sixty acres of land, at and surrounding the limestone 
cavern in section seventeen, township one north, range two west, Montana, subject 
to the conditions set forth in the relinquishment and quitclaim deed No. 18129E, dated 



18 



\ 6 \ S 



Lof/2 

Sec. ex./ 7 

Enfcance 



''///////////////////////////////////A^^, 



16 




"•^10 



19 



20 



T. I N. R. 2 W. 



2/ 



/////////////////// Monument Boundary 

Fig. 10.— Lewis and Clark Cavern National Monument, Mont., embracing lot 12, sec. 17, T. 1 N., R. 2 W.; 
Montana principal meridian; created by proclamations of May 11, 1908, and May 16, 1911. 

February 14, 1911, of the Northern Pacific Railway Company, the said tract being in 
square form and designated as lot twelve in the survey and deed, with side lines run- 
ning north and south and all sides equidistant from the main entrance of the said 
cavern, the center of said entrance bearing north forty-nine degrees, forty-two min- 
utes west, fifty-three and thirteen hundredths chains distant from the corner to 
sections sixteen, seventeen, twenty, and twenty-one, as shown upon the diagram 
hereto attached and made a part hereof. 

Warning is hereby expressly given to all persons not to appropriate, injure, or 
destroy any of the natural formations in the cavern hereby declared to be a national 
monument, nor to locatte or settle upon any of the lands reserved and made a part of 
said monument by this proclamation. 

42854—14 4 



24 



NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOR NATIONAL PARKS. 



In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United 
States to be affixed. 

Done at the city of Washington this sixteenth day of May, in the year of 
[seal.] our Lord one thousand nine hundred and eleven, and of the independence 
of the United States the one hundred and thu-ty-fifth. 

TUMACACOm NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

This monument embraces 10 acres of land in Santa Cruz County, 
Ariz., relinquished to the United States by a homestead entryman 
for the purposes specified in the act of June 8, 1906. Upon the tract is 



S Chains 




lO Ch^tnS 



-7777777777777777777777777^^ 



NATIONAL 

/idobe House 



MONUMENT 









9, 



\ Q Adobe House 



I — I Adobe Hot:S€ 
I — I ffssidence 



'ACor. Sec. 30-31 



Fig. 11. — Tumacacori National Monument, Ariz., embracing the E. i NW. \ SW. \ SE. \ and the 
W. \ NE. \ SW. \ SE. \, sec. 30, T. 21 S., R. 13 E., Gila and Salt River meridian; created September 
15 1908. 



located a very ancient Spanish mission ruin, erected probably, as 
appears from the reports, in the latter part of the sixteenth century. 
The church is in a remarkable state of preservation, owing to the fact 
that it was erected out of burned bricks and cement mortar. In 
August of 1913 the department authorized the construction of a 
substantial fence around the ruin as a means of protection against 
depredations of cattle and other stock. 



NATIONAL MONUMElsrTS AND MINOE NATIONAL PARKS. 



25 



MONTEZUMA CASTLE NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

This national monument is situated in the northeastern part of 
Yavapai County, Ariz., and contains an assemblage of cliff dwellings, 
from the principal of which, known as Montezuma's Castle this 
monument is named. This structure is of very great interest, not 
only because of its picturesqueness, but for ethnological and other 
scientific reasons. It is strictly a cliff dwelling, witli the added 
importance that it is also a communal house. Although very small 
as compared with the great ruins of Chaco Canyon, Canyon de Chelley, 




l/nsuruevtcl 



Sec. 16 



Fig. 12.— Montezuma Castle National Monument, Ariz., embracing the NW. \ NW. \ sec. 16, the N. h 
NE. \ and NE. J N^y, x. sec. 17, T. 14 N., R. 5 E., Gila and Salt River meridian; created 
December 8, 1906. 

Mesa Verde, the Mancos, and other localities of the Southwest, it is 
so unique in location and structural design, and so perfectly ]')ve- 
served, that it may be said to have no equal in the United States. 

The character of the material used in the Verde cliff ruins, adobe, 
rubble, and a soft calcareous stone, rendered the progress of disin- 
tegration and ruin somewhat rapid, though many centuries must 
have elapsed since the passing of the race. The Mojave Apache 
Indians, who occupied the valley at the advent of the white men, have 
no tradition respecting the existence of the people who formerly 
occupied this region. Montezuma's Castle, it is stated, is the only 
single perfect specimen and type of the architectural skill of the 
prehistoric cliff dwellers of this valley. 



26 



NATIOISTAL MONUMEJ^TS AND MINOR NATIONAL PARKS. 



NATURAL BRIDGES NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

This monument is located in the vicinity of Bluff, San Juan County, 
in the extreme southeastern portion of Utah, and was created, origin- 
ally, by presidential proclamation of April 16, 1908. 

A second proclamation, issued by the President September 25, 1909, 
includes, besides the three bridges originally reserved, a much more 
extendecl territory, but within which, along the walls of the canyons 
in the vicinity of the bridges, are found many preliistoric ruins of 



36 



}i^- 



5ipapu 

■Otyachomo 










fo cor to Secji 



W 



-•^^Oricf^f-^ 



Zl 



^\ i 



l^_^ 



38 



I i 

V > 1 Prehistoric ^^ \1^ 



"V 



Cave Spring 



\" 






'^^- 

^-< 



39 



17 



■ _Z0jp//es_7:SS0_C/rs^ __ 
\ Z7.34- and 35 r3b5.R.2ZL\ 



Prehistoric 
Caye 3prinq 



20 



////////////////// Monumenf dounc/ary 

Fig. 13.— Natural Bridges National Monument, Utah, embracing a subtriangular tract in unsurveyed 
Tps. 36 and 37 S., R. 17 E., and two smaller tracts, one each in T. 38 S., R. 19 E., and T. 39 S., R. 20 E., 
Salt Lake meridian; created September 25, 1909. 

cavern and cliff dwellings. There are also two cavern springs con- 
taining some prehistoric ruins, which are located approximately 13 
and 19 miles southeast of the bridges, resj^ectively. These cavern 
springs are included within the Natural Bridges Monument. They 
are located upon the ancient and only trail to the bridges from the 
south, and are important way stations in the desert surrounding this 
monument. 

The monument is reached by a two days' horseback journey from 
Bluff. The natural bridges spring from the high walls of White 
Canyon, through which part of the journey is taken, and are the 



ISTATIOlSrAL MONUMENTS AND MINOE NATIONAL PARKS. 



27 



result of remarkable and eccentric stream erosion. These bridges are 
understood to be among the largest examples of their kind, the greatest 
of the three having a height of 222 feet, being 65 feet thick at the top 
of the arch. The arch is 28 feet wide, the span is 261 feet, and the 
height of span 157 feet. The other two bridges are only a little 
smaller. All three are within a space of about 5 miles. 

GRAN QUIVIRA NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

The Gran Quivira has long been recognized as one of the most 
important of the earliest Spanish church or mission ruins in the 




////my//// Monumen-t Boundary 



Fig, 14.— Gran Quivira National Monument, N. Mex., embracing unsurveyed N. ^ of N. J sec. 3, T. 1 
S., E. 8 E., New Mexico principal meridian; created November 1, 1909. 

Southwest. Near by are numerous Indian pueblo ruins, occupying 
an area many acres in extent, which also, with sufficient land to pro- 
tect them, was reserved. The outside dimensions of the church ruin, 
which is in the form of a short-arm cross, are about 48 by 140_feet, and 
its walls are from 4 to 6 feet thick and from 12 to 20 feet high. 

The Gran Quivira National Monument is located \\ miles outside 
of the exterior boundaries of the Manzano National Forest, and is 
remote from the headquarters of any officer of this department. 



28 NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOR NATIONAL PARKS. 

On September 12, 1910, the Interior Department requested the 
Department of Agriculture to assume temporary charge of _ patrol 
and protection of this monument, in view of the better facihties at 
disposal of the Forest Service in the Manzano National Forest, in- 
asmuch as the monument is remote from location of any field officer 
of the Interior Department; and this charge was accepted by the 
Department of Agriculture. 

MUKUNTUWEAP NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

The Mukuntuweap National Monument, Utah, embraces the mag- 
nificent gorge of Zion Creek, called the Mukuntuweap Canyon by the 
Powell Topograpliic Survey of southwestern Utah, Kanab sheet, and 
the same is of the greatest scientific interest. The canyon walls are 
smooth, vertical sandstone precipices, from 800 to 2,000 feet deep. 
These walls are unscalable withm the limits of the boundaries of the 
.reserve, except at one point about 4 miles from the southern and 6 
miles from the northern extremity. The North Fork of the Rio 
Virgin passes through the canyon, and it is stated that the views into 
the canyon from its rim are exceeded in beauty and grandeur only by 
the similar views into the Grand Canyon of the Colorado. 

At intervals along the west wall of the canyon are watercourses 
wliich cross the rim and plunge into the gorge m waterfalls 800 to 
2,000 feet high. 

SHOSHONE CAVERN NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

The Shoshone Cavern National Monument embraces 210 acres of 
rough, mountainous land. The cavern entrance is located upon the 
north face of Cedar Mountain, about 3 mdes east of the great Sho- 
shone Dam in Big Horn County, Wyo. From its entrance the cav- 
ern runs in a southwesterly direction for more than 800 feet, if 
measured in a direct Hne. The route which must be traveled to 
reach tliis depth within the mountain, however, is so winding and 
irregular that at least a mile is passed before the terminus is reached. 

There are en route many dark pits and precipices of unknown 
depth and therefore of a special interest. The various chambers and 
passages are beautifully decorated with a sparkling crust of lime- 
stone crystals and from the roof hang myriads of stalactites. 

SITKA NATIONAL MONUMENT, ALASKA. 

This monument reservation, created March 23, 1910, under the 
act of June 8, 1906, embraces about 57 acres of comparatively level 
gravel plain formed by sea wash and by the deposits of Indian 
River, which flows through the tract. Upon this ground was located 
formerly the village of a warlike tribe — the Kik-Siti Indians — who, 
in 1802, massacred the Russians in old Sitka and thereafter fortified 
themselves and defended their village against the Russians under 
Baranoff and Lisianski. Here also are the graves of a Russian mid- 
shipman and six sailors, who were killed m a decisive battle in 1804. 
A celebrated "witch tree" of the natives and 16 totem poles, several 
of which are examples of the best work of the savage genealogists 
of the Alaska clans, stand sentrylike along the beach. 



NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOR NATIONAL PAEKS. 29 




i8 



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19 



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Fig. 15.— MiLkuntuweap National Monument, Utah, embracing sees. 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, 21, 22, 
23, 26, 27, 28, 33, and 34, T. 40 S., R. 10 W., and all of the Mnkuntuweap Canyon in T. 41 S., r! 10 W.' 
Salt Lake meridian; created July 31, 1909. 



30 



NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOE NATIONAL PAEKS. 



An estimate in the sum of $1,500 lias been submitted by the 
department to Congress for protection and improvement during the 
fiscal year 1915 of this monument, including the repair of the ancient 
totems and other historic relics. 







1 1 1 l}^/7?/^/7/zA//7h/-/^ 



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/% 

■■M^^ 













////^/^/z/ Ncf/'iona/ Monument Boundarcf 

Fig. 16.— Shoshone Cavern National Monument, Wyo., embracing the SAV. \ SE.^; W. J SE. J SE. J; SW. 
i NE. \ SE. J; S. J NW. J SE. J; and SE. J SW. J, sec. 5; the NW. \ NE. J and NE. J NW. J sec. 8, T. 62 
N., R. 102 W., sixth principal meridian; created September 21, 1909. 

The folio wmg is from a letter dated August 31, 1913, from Arthur G. 
Shoup, member of Alaskan Legislature, to J. W. Lewis, special agent, 
General Land Office, and now part of General Land Office files: 

The great natural beauty of this park is extolled by every tourist who has ever visited 
Sitka, and it is partly on account of the exceptional opportunities that it affords for 
visitors from the States to see at once the timber growth, wild mosses, and small 



NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOR NATIONAL PARKS. 



31 



verdure, and mountain streams of Alaska that our Government has so carefully guarded 
this reservation. 

Referring briefly to the historical features of the Sitka National Monument, or 
Indian River Park as it is called: It was here that the Russians under Baranoff in 1802 
fought and won the "decisive battle of Alaska" against the Indians, and effected 
their lodgment in southeastern Alaska that placated the then very active attempts of 
Great Britian to get possession of this part of the country. The Russian title thus 
acquired to the Alexander Archipelago was later transferred to the United States, 
and because of this battleground being in the Sitka National Monument, it is of great 
patriotic interest to every Alaskan. 

Another interesting feature of this park is that it is the place where the natives used 
to conduct their weird trials and executions for witchcraft. The tree where the vic- 
tims were hanged still stands as an object of awe to the descendants of the old schamen, 
and a subject of curiosity to the whites. 




MALEYS HOUSE. 



Fig. 17. — Sitka National Monument, Alaska, embracing a tract of land which includes the mouth of Indian 
River and adjacent territory neai- Sitka; created March 23, 1910. 



DEVILS TOWER NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

This extraordinary, natural monument has been known and util- 
ized, doubtless, from time immemorial by the aborigines of the plains 
and mountains, for the American Indian of the last century was 
found to be directing his course to and from the hunt and foray by 
reference to this lofty pile. In their turn the white pioneers of 
civilization in their explorations of the great Northwest which began 



32 



NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOE NATIONAL PARKS. 



with the expedition of the Verendryes, pathfinders of the French 
colonies of Canada, in 1742, utiUzed the tower as a landmark, and 
still later the military expeditions into the Sioux and Crow Indian 
country during the Indian wars of the last century carried on opera- 
tions within sight of the Devils Tower or directed their march by the 
aid of its ever-present beacon, for the tower is visible in some direc- 
tions in that practically cloudless region for nearly 100 miles. 



R66W: 



T.53N-.-- 



R65W. 




Fig. 18.— Devils Tower National Monument, Wyo., embracing sec. 7 and the N. J NE. \, the NE. \ NW. 
-}, and lot No. l,sec. 18, T. 53 N.,R. 65 W.; the E. \ sec. 12 and the N. \ NE. \ sec. 13, T. 53 N., R. 66 W., 
sixth principal meridian; created September 24, 1906. 

PINNACLES NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

There are two groups of the so-called Pinnacles Rocks, known 
ocally as the Big Pinnacles and the Little Pinnacles. The general 
characteristics of the two groups are similar. Each covers an area 
of about 160 acres, very irregular in outhne. 

The name is derived from the spirelike formations rising from 
600 to 1,000 feet from the floor of the canyon, forming a landmark 
visible many miles in every direction. Many of the rocks are so 
precipitous that they can not be scaled. A series of caves, opening 
one into the other, lie under each of the groups of rock. These caves 
vary greatly in size, one in particular, known as the Banquet Hall, 
being about 100 feet square with a ceihng 30 feet high. The caves 
are entered through narrow canyons, with perpendicular rock walls 
and overhanging bowlders. One huge stone, called the Temple 
Rock, is almost cubical in form. It stands alone in the bottom of the 
canyon and its walls rise perpendicularly to a height of over 200 feet. 



NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOR NATIONAL PARKS. 



33 



There are also several specimens of "balancing rocks'' in each of the 
groups. 

The railroad station nearest this monument is Soledad, Monterey 
County, Cal. 



30 



20 



29 



32 



28 



■4*^ 



18 



22 



21 



23 



25 






i 



^ 35 



25 



2^ T. 16 5, 



36 



&+- 



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T.I7S. 



Fig. 19.- 



R.7E. 

-Pinnacles National Monument, Cal.; embraces parts of Tps. 16 and 17 S., R. 7 E., M. D. M.; 
created January 16, 1908. 

COLORADO NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

This area was set aside as a national monument by the President's 
proclamation of May 24, 1911, and is situated near Grand Junction, 
Colo. The site is in a picturesque canyon, which has long been an 
attractive feature of that portion of the State. The formation is 
similar to that of the Garden of the Gods at Colorado Springs, Colo., 
only much more beautiful and picturesque. With the exception of 
the Grand Canyon of the Colorado it exhibits probably as highly 
colored, magnificent, and impressive examples of erosion, particularly 
of lofty monohths, as may be found anywhere in the West. These 
monoliths are located in several tributary canyons. Some_ of them 
are of gigantic size, one being over 400 feet high, almost circular' in 
cross section, and 100 feet in diameter at base. 

CINDER CONE NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

The Cinder Cone National Monument was created by proclamation 
dated May 6, 1907. It is situated within the Lassen Peak National 
Forest, and with the adjacent area, embracing a lava field and Snag 
Lake and Lake Bidwell, is of scientific interest as illustrative of vol- 
canic activity, and is of special importance in tracing the history of 
the volcanic phenomena of that vicinity. 

LASSEN PEAK NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

The Lassen Peak National Monument was created by proclamation 
dated May 6, 1907. It is situated within the Lassen Peak National 
Forest and marks the southern terminus of the long line of extinct 



34 



NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOR NATIONAL PARKS. 



volcanoes in the Cascade Range, from which one of the greatest 
volcanic fields in the world extends, and is of special importance in 
tracing the history of the volcanic phenomena of that vicinity. 



1^Jt.IN.R.2W. U.Mef: 




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33 






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R.I02W. 
e^^'P.M. 



R.IOIW. 
e^'i'P.M. 



ii^^^^^\i.>^^ Monument Bounabry. 



Fig. 20. — Colorado National Monument, Colo., embracing parts of Tps. 11 and 12 S., Rs. 101 and 102 W. of 
the sixth principal meridan, and part of sec. 32, T. 1 N., R. 2 W. of the Ute meridian, Colorado, containing 
13,833.06 acres; created May 24, 1911. 



GILA CLIFF-DWELLINGS NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

The Gila Cliff-Dwellings National Monument was created by proc- 
lamation dated November 16, 1907. These cliff-dweller ruins are 
neither very large nor very important, but are located in a district 
in which few prehistoric ruins are found. 

TONTO NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

The Tonto National Monument was created by proclamation 
dated December 19, 1907. It is located in Gila County, Ariz., and 
embraces two prehistoric ruins of cliff dwellings located somewhat 



NATION'AL MONUMENTS AND MINOR NATIONAL PARKS. 35 



6 


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Fig 21 —Cinder Cone National Monument, within Lassen Peak National Forest, Cal., embracing part 
oJ T. 31 N., R. 6 E., M. D. M.; created May 6, 1907. 



6 


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29 


28 


27 


26 


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31 


32 


33 


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35 


36 



Fig. 22.— Lassen Peak National Monument, within Lassen Peak National Forest, Cal., embracing part 
of,T. 31 N., R. 4 E., M. D. M.; created May 6, 1907. 



36 



NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOR NATIONAL PARKS. 



less than 2 miles south of the Salt River Reservoir constructed by 
the Reclamation Service in the valley of the Salt River within the 
Tonto Basin, and is about 5 miles southeasterly from the town of 
Roosevelt. The prehistoric ruin is situated in the high, flaring en- 
trance to a large, shallow cavern, is three stories high, approximately 
60 feet wide and 30 feet deep, and contains 14 or more rooms. 





C LI FF 
DWELLINGS 


Sec' 2 7 

1 



Fig. 23.— Gila Clifl-Dwellings National Monument, within Gila National Forest, N. Mex., embracing 
NE. i of sec. 27, T. 12 S., R. 14 W., New Mexico meridian; created Nov. 16, 1907. 

GRAND CANYON NATIONAL MONUMENT, ARIZ. 

A considerable portion of the area set aside by the proclamation 
creating this national monument is covered by three different procla- 
mations, one of which created the Grand Canyon Forest Reserve, one 
the game preserve embracing that part of the national forest north 
of the river, and the third the monument proclamation. It is be- 
lieved that the most wonderful portion of the canyon is contained 
within the present limits of the national monument and game 
preserves. 

Steps were taken to create a national park of the Grand Canyon 
of the Arizona, and a bill (H. R. 6331) providing for such purpose 



NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOE NATIONAL PARKS. 37 

was introduced in Congress April 20, 1911. The bill, however, did 
not become a law. The Association of American Geographers has 
recommended that the above-mentioned park be designated as 
Powell National Park, and the Geological Society of America has 
approved the naming of the national park in the Grand Canyon of 
the Colorado after its explorer, Maj. J. W. Powell. 

^ • I ^//^^ 

L_- ■ Sec^ml J I 

I ^ / I 

\ \ i 

V/////// ////////////////////////////////////////// ////////^^^ 

Fig. 24.— Tonto National Monument, unsurveyed sec. 34, T. 4 N., R. 12 E., Gila and Salt River meridian, 
Ariz., containing 640 acres; created December 19, 1907. 

JEWEL CAVE NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

Jewel Cave, which is located 13 miles west and south of Custer, 
the county seat of Custer County, S. Dak., was discovered on August 
18, 1900, by two prospectors, Albert and F. W. Michaud, whose 
attention was attracted by the noise of wind coming from a small 
hole in the limestone cliffs on the east side of Hell Canyon. In the 
hope of discovering some valuable mineral and the source of the wind, 
these men, in company with one Charles Bush, enlarged the opening. 
Jasper and manganese are found in the cave, but to w^hat extent is 
not definitely known. 

The prospectors have followed the main descending wiiid passage 
for a distance of \\ miles, which point the explorers believe to be 
from 600 to 700 feet below the entran(?e, and have explored numerous 






38 



NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOR NATIONAL PARKS. 



side galleries and passages. However, the cave is far from being 
fully explored. 

The cave, as far as known, is located in limestone formation and is 
apparently the result of action of water. A prominent geologist who 



— NATIONAL MONUMENT BOUNDARY' 
ir NATIONAL FOREST BOUNOARY 
^MtpllAd »rwnftiWicL.ndS„f>«y,,uaC.oto«le*l&-fv.y»H«i «h*i 
'^ IBS •"*•?«< G™nd G^nyon fay ViH.ft.«v. ^>»«t Ranjar 

.AR.zojfTA "''i "'"I ^iTZLjzf' 5^i 

I 5 



T|AM__ 
riloNA" 






.«,»«,«.»« •- ;i.^-i..i,i_.L.Li..i. p°q^xi-.;.^fi;^.|;.L^ 




Fig 25 —Grand Canyon National Monument, within Grand Canyon National Forest, Ariz.; created 

January 11, 1908. 

visited this cave beheves it to be an extinct geyser channel. The 
cave, as far as explored, consists of a series of chambers, connected 
by narrow passages with numerous side galleries, which increase in 
size as the distance from the entrance becomes greater. 



NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOR NATIONAL PARKS. 



39 



The explorers have been careful observers of the action of the wind 
within the cave. They have discovered that ordinarily the wind 
blows in and out of the cave for regular periods, the periods of blow- 
ing in and out being 15 hours each, although they have known the 
periods to be of 72 hours' duration. Other wind passages have been 
discovered in the vicinity of the cave. 







;\ 3ec. E. 



Fig. 26.— Jewel Cave National Monument, within Black Hills National Forest, S. Dak., Tps. 3 and 4 S., 
R. 2 E., Black Hills meridian; created Feb. 7, 1908. 

WHEELER NATIONAL MONUMENT, COLO. 

The lands embraced in this national monument are situated near 
the headwaters of the middle fork of Bellows Creek, a northern 
tributary of the Rio Grande del Norte, about 10 miles northeast of 
Wagon Wheel Gap, Colo., and 2 miles south of the crest of the 
Continental Divide. 

The tract lies on the southern slope of the ridge which forms the 
crest of the Continental Divide. It is traversed from north to south 
by numerous deep canyons with very precipitous sides, the inter- 
vening ridges being capped by pinnacle like rocks, making it prac- 
tically impossible to cross the tract from east to west, even on foot. 



40 



NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOR NATIONAL PAEKS. 



There are also many crevices cutting the ridges transversely, making 
an intricate network of ravines separated by broken, precipitous 
ledges and broken mesas. 

It is probable that the formation found here is the result of a 
succession of outpourings of lava and showers of volcanic ash which 
have left a series of nearly horizontal strata of varying degrees of 
hardness. Numerous pebbles and breccia of a flint-like rock are 
embedded in the softer lavas which were probably gathered up by the 
flowing lava mud from the original bedrock. The formation is for 



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36 



Fig. 27.— Wheeler National Monument, within Cochetopa and Rio Grande National Forests, Colo., T. 42 N., 
R. 2 E., New Mexico meridian; created Dec. 7, 1908. 

the most part scoriaceous tufa and trachyte, with some rhyolite. 
The effect of erosion on this formation has been to cut it into sharply 
defined forms of many kinds. The harder broken rocks embedded in 
the lavas have acted as veritable chisels, greatly accelerating erosive 
action and making the lines and angles more sharply defined than 
would be the case in ordinary weathering. This erosion is still going 
on at a remarkably rapid rate, making the place very interesting 
from the geological point of view. 

The fantastic forms resulting from the rapid erosion make this 
spot one of exceptional beauty. The numerous winding canyons, 



NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOR NATIONAL PARKS. 41 

broken ridges, pinnacles, and buttes form such striking and varied 
scenes that it will be much visited by tourists when it has been made 
accessible by the construction of roads and trails. 

From the most reliable data it is believed that the ill-fated expedi- 
tion of John C. Fremont, in 1848, reached this immediate vicinity, 
when disaster came upon the party, compelling it to turn back. 
Skeletons of mules, bits of harness, and camp equipage are found 
here, lending force to the recorded data. 

MOTJNT OLYMPUS NATIONAL MONUMENT, WASH. 

This monument was set aside by presidential proclamation of 
March 2, 1909, and contained approximately 608,640 acres. It was 
created for the purpose of preserving many objects of great and 
unusual scientific interest, embracing numerous glaciers, and the 
territory has also been from time immemorial the summer range and 
breeding ground of the Olympic elk, a species which is rapidly de- 
creasing in numbers. A bill was introduced in Congress on July 15, 
1911, providing for the setting aside as a national park the same 
tract of land as was set aside by proclamation of the President creat- 
ing the Mount Olympus National Monument. 

It was reduced by presidential proclamation of April 17, 1912, to 
608,480 acres in order to permit certain claimants to land therein to 
secure title to the land. This proclamation providing therefor is as 
follows : 

I, William H. Tapt, President of the United States of America, by virtue of the 
power in me vested by section 2 of the act of Congress approved June 2, 1906, entitled 
"An act for the preservation of American antiquities," do hereby declare and pro- 
claim that the south half of the southwest quarter of section twenty-one, and the 
north half of the northwest quarter of section twenty-eight, in township twenty-four 
north, range eight west, Willamette meridian, Washington, be, and the same are 
hereby, eliminated from the Mount Olympus National Monument. The provisions 
of the proclamation of March 2, 1909, shall remain in full force and effect as to all other 
lands thereby reserved as a national monument. 

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United 
States to be affixed. 

Done at the city of Washington this seventeenth day of April, in the year 
[seal.] of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and twelve, and of the Independence 
of the United States the one hundred and thirty-sixth. 

OREGON CAVES NATIONAL MONUMENT, OREG. 

The Oregon Caves or "Marble Halls" of Josephine County, dis- 
covered in 1874, are located in the Siskiyou National Forest, about 30 
miles south of Grants Pass in Cave Mountain, a peak of the Grey- 
back Range, that divides the headwaters of the Applegate and Illi- 
nois Rivers, and connects with the Siskiyou Mountains near the north 
line of California. 

Cave Mountain, the peak which contains these caves, rises to an 
elevation of about 6,000 feet, and is of limestone formation. The 
main openings around which the national monument has been created 
are at an elevation of 4,000 feet, but the entire mountain side for 5 or 
6 miles shows caverns of various sizes, and in all probability through- 
out its interior is honeycombed like the portion that has been ex- 
plored. 

These caves are niore of a series of galleries than of roomy caverns, 
though many beautiful rooms have been discovered, while miles of 



42 NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOR NATIONAL PARKS. 

galleries have been visited; but there are thousands of passageways 
leading in all directions — partly closed by stalactites — that have 



1 1 1 

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Fig 28 -Mount Olympus National Monument, within Olympic National Forest, Wash.; created March 
■ ■ 2, 1909; elimination of April 17, 1912. 

never been opened, and with the distant and unexplored openings on 
the opposite side of the mountaui the magnitude of the Oregon 
Caves can be said to be practically unknown. 



E'ATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOR NATIONAL PABKS. 



43 



W Many small streams are found at different elevations, and larger 
bodies of running water can be heard in pits bottomless so far as 
measured (by 300-foot line). This running water probably accounts 
for currents of wind that in some of the galleries blow so hard as to 
extinguish an open light at once. 



NATIONAL MONUMENT BOUNDARY,?/) 




W. ^&0<^Ch 




9 Entrance to Caves 



vlll'// .>>''// .,1"'. 



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Fiu. 29. — Oregon Caves National Monument, within Siskiyou National Forest, Oreg. 

The lime deposits take many beautiful forms — massive pillars, 
delicate stalactites of alabaster whiteness with the crystal drop of 
water carrying its minute deposit of lime from which they are formed, 
and broad sheets resembhng drapery with graceful curves and waves 



44 



NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOE NATIONAL PARKS. 



that were certainly made by varying currents of wind during forma- 
tion. 

The Forest Service has rebuilt and improved the trails leading to 
the caves from each side of the divide in order to more easily pro- 
tect the valuable forest surrounding and to make the caves more 
accessible to tourists. 

DEVIL POSTPILE NATIONAL MONUMENT, CAL. 

The Devil Postpile consists of basaltic rocks laid down in the form 
of an immense pile of posts, and while there are similar formations in 



MATIONAL MONUMENT BOUNDARY 




lit ynsurre/ei/ T.*S ft 2S £. Af. 
Zeainnina af Corn*/- Ah. /, a* the jum 

iBnf Crttli «ia MMh firk S-»Jii,fw 
Thence f^ iMcAams tettrner No £ 
Thence £ *" cheins to Ctrner No 3 
Thence S ttt Chens to Corner No 4 
Thence W 40 chains to Comer No /, the 

Itlece ef tefinninf, centelninf tfifircimirtelf 

tOOAerss 



Fig. 30.— Devil Postpile National Monument, Cal. 

different parts of the country, this is especially prominent, being one 
of the most noted of its kind on the continent and said to rank with 
the famous Giants Causeway on the coast of Antrim, in the north of 
Ireland. 

Below the post pile and above the junction of King Creek and the 
middle fork of the San Joaquin River is Rainbow Falls, similar to 
the well-known Vernal Falls of the Yosemite Valley, and one of the 
few of its kind on the continent. 



KATIONAL MONUMEJSTTS AND MINOR NATIONAL PARKS. 



45 



BIRD RESERVES. 

All of the bird reserves have been created through reference from 
the Interior Department to the President of forms of Executive 
orders providing therefor. These reserves are regarded as in all 
essential particulars reservations of public lands for pubHc use or 
other purposes, for which there are numerous precedents. The first 
specific act of Congress providing for the protection of birds by bird 
reserves created by Executive order was introduced by Hon. John F. 
Lacy, of Iowa, and became a law on June 28, 1906. (34 Stat., 536.) 
This act made it unlawful to kill birds, to take their eggs, or to will- 
fully disturb birds upon the reservations, and it provides a fine of 
not exceeding $500 or imprisonment for not exceeding six months, 
or both fine and imprisonment, for each conviction secured. This law 
was substantially reenacted in the new penal code approved March 4, 
1909 (35 Stat., 1104), in the following language: 

Sec. 84. Whoever shall hunt, capture, willfully disturb, or kill any bird of any 
kind whatever, or take the eggs of any such bird, on any lands of the United States 
which have been set apart or reserved as breeding grounds for birds by any law, 
proclamation, or Executive order, except under such rules and regulations as the 
Secretary of Agriculture may from time to time prescribe, shall be fined not more 
than five hundred dollars or imprisoned not more than six months, or both. 

The reservations now existing, which are being administered under 
the direction of the Biological Survey, Department of Agriculture, 
are 65 in number, as follows: 

Bird reserves created. 



Name of reservation. 


Date. 


Location. 


Area. 


Pelican Island - 


Mar. 14,1903 

/Oct. 4, 1904 

\Nov. 11,1905 

Mar. 9, 1905 

Oct. 10,1905 

do 


East Florida coast 


5.50 acres. 


Breton Island 


[•Southeast coast of Louisiana 

North Dakota 




Stump Lake 


27.39 acres. 


Huron Islands 


Lake Superior, Mich 


Unknown. 


Siskiwit Islands ... 


do 


Do. 


Passage Key 


..do 


Tampa Bay, Fla 


36.37 acres. 


Indian Key 


Feb. 10,1906 
Aug. 8,1907 
Aug. 17,1907 
Oct. 14,1907 
Oct. 23,1907 
do 


do 

Mouths of Mississippi River, La 

South Louisiana coast 


90 acres. 


Tern Islands 


Unknown, 


Shell Keys 


Do. 


Three Arch Rocks 


West Oregon coast 


Do. 


Flattery Rocks 


West Washington coast 


Do. 


Quillayute Needles 


do 


Do. 


Copalis Rock 


.do 


.do 


Do. . 


East Timbalipr Island 


Dec. 7, 1907 
Feb. 24,1908 
Apr. 6, 1908 
Aug. 8, 1908 
do 


South Louisiana coast 


Do. 


Mosquito Inlet 


East Florida coast 


Do. 


Tortugas Keys 


Florida Keys, Fla 


Do. 


Klamath Lake 


Oregon and California 


Do. 


Key West 


Florida Keys, Fla 


Do. 


Lake Malheur 


Aug. 18,1908 
Aug. 28,1908 
Sept. 15, 1908 
Sept. 26, 1908 
do 


Oregon 


Do, 


Chase Lake 


North Dakota 


Do. 


Pine Island 


West Florida coast 


Do. 


Matlacha Pass . 


. . .do 


Do. 


Palma Sola 


do 


Do. 


Island Bay 


Oct. 23,1908 
Oct. 26,1908 
Feb. 3, 1909 
Feb. 25,1909 
do 


Florida 


Do. 


Loch Katrine 


Wyoming 


Do. 


Hawaiian Islands 


Hawaii 


Do. 


East Park 


California 


Do. 


Cold Springs 


Oregon 


Do. 


Shoshone 


do 


Wyoming 


Do. 


Pathfinder 


. do 


do 


Do, 


Bellefourche 


do 


South Dakota 


Do. 


Strawberry Valley 


do 


Utah 


Do. 


Salt River 


do 




Do. 


Deer Flat 


do 


Idaho 


Do. 


Minidoka 


do 


do 


Do, 


Willow Creek 


do 


Montana . . 


Do, 


Carlsbad i 


do 


New Mexico 


Do. 


Rio Grande 


do . 


.do 


Do. 


Keechelus Lake 


do 


Washington 


Do, , 



46 NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOR NATIONAL PARKS. 

Bird reserves created — Continued. 



Name of reservation. 


Date. 


Location. 


Area. 


Kachess Lake 


Feb. 25,1909 
do 


Washington 


Unknown. 




do 


Do. 




do 


do 


Do. 




do 


do 


Do. 


Berins; Sea 


Feb. 27,1909 
do 


Alaska 


Do. 


Pribilof 


do 


Do. 




do 


....do 


Do. 


Farallon 


do 


California 


Do. 




do 


Porto Rico 


Do. 




do..... 


Alaska 


Do. 




....do 


do 


Do. 




Mar. 2, 1909 
Apr. 11,1911 
Jan. 11,1912 
do 


do 


Do. 




California 


Do. 


Forrester Island 


Alaska 


Do. 




do 


Do. 




do 


Nebraska 


1 14,640 acres. 


Green Bav 


Feb. 21,1912 
Dec. 7, 1912 
Dec. 17,1912 
Dec. 19,1912 
Jan. 9, 1913 
Mar. 3, 1913 
Mar. 19,1913 
Apr. 21,1913 
May 6,1913 
Sept. 4,1913 


Wisconsin 


1.87 acres. 




Alaska 


Unknown. 




Montana 


Do. 




Porto Rico 


Do. 




Wisconsin 


Do. 




Alaska 


Do. 




Panama 


Do. 




Arkansas 


Do. 


Petit Bols Island 


Alabama and Mississippi 


Do. 




Nevada 


247.73 acres. 









BIRD RESERVES ENLARGED AND REDUCED. 





Jan. 26,1909 
Apr. 2, 1909 
Nov. 25,1911 
Jan. 13,1912 
Feb. 21,1912 
Nov. 14,1912 


Florida (enlarged). .• 


Unknown. 




do 


Do. 




Oregon (enlarged) 


Do. 




California (reduced) 


Do. 




Idaho (enlarged) 


Do. 




Nebraska (enlarged) 


115,253.7 acres. 









1 Approximate area. 

During the year 9 new reserves for the protection of native birds 
were created, as follows : 

BIH,D RESERVES CREATED DURING FISCAL YEAR 1913. 

Chamisso Island Reservation, Alaska, created December 7, 1912. 

Pishkun Reservation, Mont., created December 17, 1912. 

Desecheo Island Reservation, P. R., created December 19, 1912. 

Gravel Island Reservation, Wis., created January 9, 1913. 

Aleutian Islands Reservation, Alaska, created March 3, 1913. 

Canal Zone, Panama, created March 19, 1913. 

Walker Lake Reservation, Ark., created April 21, 1913. 

Petit Bois Island Reservation, Ala. and Miss., created May 6, 1913. 

Anaho Island Reservation, Nev., created September 4, 1913. 

Niobrara Reservation, Nebr., enlarged November 14, 1912. 

As appears from this list these reservations are scattered between 
Alaska and Porto Rico, two new ones in Alaska, one of which 
(the Aleutian Islands) was estabhshed not only for the purpose of 
protecting native birds but also for the encouragement of propaga- 
tion of fur-bearing animals, reindeer, and food fishes. For the first 
time a bird reserve was established in the States of Arkansas, Nevada, 
Alabama, and Mississippi, and after a careful consideration, based 
upon representations made by this department, the Isthniian Canal 
Commission secured an Executive order for the protection of the 
native birds within the zone, which, in its punitive features, con- 
forms to section 84 of the United States Penal Code. Jurisdiction 



NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND MINOE NATIONAL PARKS. 47 

over the Canal Zone Reservation is, however, retained by the Isthmian 
Canal Commission instead of being placed with the Department of 
Agriculture, as is the case in all other Government bird reserves. 

In addition to these 9 new reserves, the Niobrara Reservation, 
Nebr., which was created by Executive order dated January 11, 1912, 
was enlarged by a second order of November 14, 1912, so as to in- 
clude within its boundaries about 614 acres, covering the old parade 
ground of the Fort Niobrara Mihtary Reservation, including a 
spring of fresh running water and some of the military buildings 
and barracks which could be used for stables and for residence pur- 
poses by a custodian. This additional tract has been fenced and 
small herds of buffalo, elk, and deer, donated by J. W. Gilbert, a 
citizen of Nebraska, have been permanently domiciled therein, and 
it is believed that the climate and natural environment will insure 
the healthful and rapid increase of all of these most valuable of the 
larger native mammals. 

The creation of these 9 additional reservations brings the total 
number of bird reserves up to 65, and active administrative work by 
the Agricultural Department upon aU of the reserves within its 
jurisdiction, which have been in serious need of efficient warden 
service, has been most satisfactory. 

o 



I D !■ >in 



Deacidified using the Bookkeeper pre 
Neutralizing Agent; Magnesium Oxid( 
Treatment Date: 




DEC 19! 
BBtWEEPl 



tJs 



PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGIES 
1 1 1 Thomson Park Drive 
Cranberry Twp., PA 16066 



